A fuzzy-digraph matrix-based risk mitigation framework for halal supply chain management

In the new business ecosystem, stakeholders are gradually encouraged to improve their supply chain operations by minimising existing risks in order to achieve success and resilience. The complexities of global halal supply chain make it more vulnerable to risks. In order to address these risks, a comprehensive risk mitigation strategy and evaluation model is required. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify effective strategies for mitigating risks and to evaluate them. This study developed a fuzzy digraph matrix-based framework to evaluate halal supply chain risk mitigation strategies. A literature review and expert input is used to identify seven key risks and twenty-one strategies for mitigating these risks. Further, a fuzzy-based digraph-matrix model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of these risk mitigation strategies This study found that the five most critical risk mitigation strategies are 'increasing top management awareness', 'traceability system implementation', 'organising training and development programs, 'strengthening internal halal control system' and 'information sharing'. To test the robustness of the model, sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the result shows that the proposed model is robust and reliable. The proposed framework helps managers to implement these mitigation strategies, which will improve the management of their halal supply chain and sustainability.