Digitalization drives green transformation of supply chains: a two-stage evolutionary game analysis

Digitalization promotes green transformation of the supply chain by enhancing green innovation, reducing enterprise costs, and strengthening management models. This study develops a two-stage evolutionary game model to analyze the tripartite game between government, enterprises, and consumers regarding green supply chain transformation, as well as the strategic choices of digital cooperation between upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. The results reveal that under the given constraints, the green behaviors of government and consumers can encourage supply chain enterprises to achieve better green transformation. In addition, digitalization enables enterprises positioned at different supply chain links (upstream and downstream) to form a “cooperative” steady state by increasing sales and reducing costs, thus rapidly achieving green transformation. The findings can offer policies to empower digital construction in enterprises.