<p>It was a remarkable result of the last decades that every Banach space operator has an almost invariant half-space; see [1] and [17].Refining the technique used in [1], it has been shown quite recently that every operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>T</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on a complex Hilbert space <InlineEquation ID="IEq30"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{H}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has a diagonal operator inside itself; see [9].Applying this result to a block-triangular operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\in\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}_1 \oplus \mathcal{H}_2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>⊕</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>,it can be proved that a translate of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>T</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>is similar to an operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\widehat{T}\in\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}^{(4)})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="true">^</mo> </mover> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with two diagonal entries <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>,<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_{*} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and two entries <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>F</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F _{*} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of rank <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.Given any operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q= [Q_{i,j}]_4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>in the commutant <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\widehat{T}\}'\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="true">^</mo> </mover> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\widehat{T}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover accent="true"> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="true">^</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the operator entry <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q_{4,1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> intertwines <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D _{*} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> up to a transformation of rank at most <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.The linear manifold of the operators <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q_{4,1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{L}_{4,1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.The compressions of the transformations in <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{L}_{4,1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to a<InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-dimensional subspace form a subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{L} _{*} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the matrix algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M_3[\mathbb{C}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.Transitivity properties of <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{ T\}'\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> yield the transitivity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{L} _{*} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.Our aim is to characterize all transitive subspaces <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq27"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M_3[\mathbb{C}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> obeying the transformation law derived from the intertwining condition on <InlineEquation ID="IEq28"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{L}_{4,1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.In that way we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of proper hyperinvariant subspaces of <InlineEquation ID="IEq29"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>T</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Transitive subspaces of \(3\times 3\) complex matrices

  • L. Kérchy

摘要

It was a remarkable result of the last decades that every Banach space operator has an almost invariant half-space; see [1] and [17].Refining the technique used in [1], it has been shown quite recently that every operator \(T\) T on a complex Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\) H has a diagonal operator inside itself; see [9].Applying this result to a block-triangular operator \(T\in\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}_1 \oplus \mathcal{H}_2)\) T L ( H 1 H 2 ) ,it can be proved that a translate of \(T\) T is similar to an operator \(\widehat{T}\in\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}^{(4)})\) T ^ L ( H ( 4 ) ) with two diagonal entries \(D\) D , \(D_{*} \) D and two entries \(F\) F , \(F _{*} \) F of rank \(1\) 1 .Given any operator \(Q= [Q_{i,j}]_4\) Q = [ Q i , j ] 4 in the commutant \(\{\widehat{T}\}'\) { T ^ } of \(\widehat{T}\) T ^ , the operator entry \(Q_{4,1}\) Q 4 , 1 intertwines \(D\) D and \(D _{*} \) D up to a transformation of rank at most \(2\) 2 .The linear manifold of the operators \(Q_{4,1}\) Q 4 , 1 is denoted by \(\mathcal{L}_{4,1}\) L 4 , 1 .The compressions of the transformations in \(\mathcal{L}_{4,1}\) L 4 , 1 to a \(3\) 3 -dimensional subspace form a subspace \(\mathcal{L} _{*} \) L of the matrix algebra \(M_3[\mathbb{C}]\) M 3 [ C ] .Transitivity properties of \(\{ T\}'\) { T } yield the transitivity of \(\mathcal{L} _{*} \) L .Our aim is to characterize all transitive subspaces \(\mathcal{L}\) L of \(M_3[\mathbb{C}]\) M 3 [ C ] obeying the transformation law derived from the intertwining condition on \(\mathcal{L}_{4,1}\) L 4 , 1 .In that way we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of proper hyperinvariant subspaces of \(T\) T .