<p>In the 1960s Moser asked how dense a subset of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1556_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{R}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be if no pairs of points in the subset are exactly distance 1 apart.There has been a long line of work showing upper bounds on this density. One curious feature of dense unit distance avoiding sets is that they appear to be ''clumpy,'' i.e. forbidding unit distances comes hand in hand with having more than the expected number distance <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1556_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\approx 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> pairs. </p><p>In this work we rigorously establish this phenomenon in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1556_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{R}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show that dense unit distance avoiding sets have over-represented distance <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1556_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\approx 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> pairs, and that this clustering extends to typical unit distance avoiding sets. To do so, we build off of the linear programming approach used previously to prove upper bounds on the density of unit distance avoiding sets.</p>

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Clustering in typical unit-distance avoiding sets

  • A. Cohen,
  • N. Mani

摘要

In the 1960s Moser asked how dense a subset of \(\mathbb{R}^d\) R d can be if no pairs of points in the subset are exactly distance 1 apart.There has been a long line of work showing upper bounds on this density. One curious feature of dense unit distance avoiding sets is that they appear to be ''clumpy,'' i.e. forbidding unit distances comes hand in hand with having more than the expected number distance \(\approx 2\) 2 pairs.

In this work we rigorously establish this phenomenon in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) R 2 . We show that dense unit distance avoiding sets have over-represented distance \(\approx 2\) 2 pairs, and that this clustering extends to typical unit distance avoiding sets. To do so, we build off of the linear programming approach used previously to prove upper bounds on the density of unit distance avoiding sets.