On class operators for the lower radical class and semisimple closure constructions
摘要
We construct the lower radical class and the semisimple closurefor a given class using class operators and detail some of the properties of theseoperators and their interplay with the operators already used in radical theory.The setting is the class of algebras introduced by Puczy lowski which ensures theresults hold in groups, multi-operator groups such as rings, as well as loops andhoops.