<p>In this paper, we investigate a Dirichlet boundary value problem for a class of fractional degenerate elliptic equations on homogeneous Carnot groups <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_509_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{G}=(\mathbb{R}^n ,\circ)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mo>∘</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, namely <Equation ID="Equ1"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_509_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="54" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="269" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}(-\triangle_{\mathbb{G}})^s u=f(x,u)+g(x,u) &amp; \mbox{in}~\Omega; \\[2mm]u\in {\cal{H}}_0^s(\Omega),\end{array}\right.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="center center" columnspacing="1em" rowspacing="0.967em 0.4em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>in</mtext> </mstyle> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>;</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msubsup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" /> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <i>s</i> ∈ (0, 1), <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_509_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega\subset\mathbb{G}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded open domain, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_509_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta_{\mathbb{G}} )^s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>s</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the fractional sub-Laplacian, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_509_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\cal{H}}_0^s (\Omega)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <msubsup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the fractional Sobolev space, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_509_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="141" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f(x,u)\in C(\overline{\Omega}\times\mathbb{R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <i>g</i>(<i>x</i>, <i>u</i>) is a Carathéodory function on Ω × ℝ. Using perturbation methods and Morse index estimates in conjunction with fractional Dirichlet eigenvalue estimates, we establish the existence of multiple solutions to the problem.</p>

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Dirichlet boundary value problem for fractional degenerate elliptic operator on Carnot groups

  • Hua Chen,
  • Yunlu Fan

摘要

In this paper, we investigate a Dirichlet boundary value problem for a class of fractional degenerate elliptic equations on homogeneous Carnot groups \(\mathbb{G}=(\mathbb{R}^n ,\circ)\) G = ( R n , ) , namely \(\left\{\begin{array}{cc}(-\triangle_{\mathbb{G}})^s u=f(x,u)+g(x,u) & \mbox{in}~\Omega; \\[2mm]u\in {\cal{H}}_0^s(\Omega),\end{array}\right.\) { ( G ) s u = f ( x , u ) + g ( x , u ) in Ω ; u H 0 s ( Ω ) , where s ∈ (0, 1), \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{G}\) Ω G is a bounded open domain, \((-\Delta_{\mathbb{G}} )^s\) ( Δ G ) s is the fractional sub-Laplacian, \({\cal{H}}_0^s (\Omega)\) H 0 s ( Ω ) denotes the fractional Sobolev space, \(f(x,u)\in C(\overline{\Omega}\times\mathbb{R})\) f ( x , u ) C ( Ω ¯ × R ) , g(x, u) is a Carathéodory function on Ω × ℝ. Using perturbation methods and Morse index estimates in conjunction with fractional Dirichlet eigenvalue estimates, we establish the existence of multiple solutions to the problem.