<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_422_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\colon\mathbb{T}^d\to \mathbb{T}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, defined by <i>Tx = Ax</i> (mod 1), where <i>A</i> is a <i>d × d</i> integer matrix with eigenvalues 1 &lt; ∣<i>λ</i><sub>1</sub>∣ ≤ ∣<i>λ</i><sub>2</sub>∣ ≤ ⋯ ≤ ∣<i>λ</i><sub><i>d</i></sub>∣. We investigate the Hausdorff dimension of the recurrence set <Equation ID="Equ1"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_422_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="421" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R(\psi):=\{x\in\mathbb{T}^d\colon T^nx\in B(x,\psi(n)) {\rm ~for~infinitely~ many~}n\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>:=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> for <i>α</i> ≥ log ∣<i>λ</i><sub><i>d</i></sub>/<i>λ</i><sub>1</sub>∣, where <i>ψ</i> is a positive decreasing function defined on ℕ and its lower order at infinity is <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_422_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="30" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="135" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha = \mathop {\lim \inf}\limits_{n \to \infty}{- \log \psi (n) \over n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">inf</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>log</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the case that <i>A</i> is diagonalizable over ℚ with integral eigenvalues, we obtain the dimension formula.</p>

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Hausdorff dimension of recurrence sets for matrix transformations of tori

  • Zhangnan Hu,
  • Bing Li

摘要

Let \(T\colon\mathbb{T}^d\to \mathbb{T}^d\) T : T d T d , defined by Tx = Ax (mod 1), where A is a d × d integer matrix with eigenvalues 1 < ∣λ1∣ ≤ ∣λ2∣ ≤ ⋯ ≤ ∣λd∣. We investigate the Hausdorff dimension of the recurrence set \(R(\psi):=\{x\in\mathbb{T}^d\colon T^nx\in B(x,\psi(n)) {\rm ~for~infinitely~ many~}n\}\) R ( ψ ) := { x T d : T n x B ( x , ψ ( n ) ) f o r i n f i n i t e l y m a n y n } for α ≥ log ∣λd/λ1∣, where ψ is a positive decreasing function defined on ℕ and its lower order at infinity is \(\alpha = \mathop {\lim \inf}\limits_{n \to \infty}{- \log \psi (n) \over n}\) α = lim inf n log ψ ( n ) n . In the case that A is diagonalizable over ℚ with integral eigenvalues, we obtain the dimension formula.