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<p>The convergence of artificial intelligence, cyber–physical systems, and sustainable manufacturing is reshaping the industrial landscape under the principles of Industry&#xa0;5.0. This evolution calls for hardware platforms that seamlessly combine real-time determinism, reconfigurability, and energy efficiency while ensuring long-term reliability in demanding environments. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become pivotal in this transition, bridging the gap between general-purpose processors and application-specific hardware. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of modern FPGA technology from an Industry&#xa0;5.0 perspective. More than one hundred recent studies, industrial reports, and vendor architectures are synthesised to characterise FPGA evolution across three dimensions: architectural foundations, unified design methodologies, and emerging application domains. The survey highlights how heterogeneous SoC integration, high-level synthesis, partial reconfiguration, and AI-assisted EDA workflows collectively enable deterministic, low-power, and adaptive hardware platforms for robotics, smart manufacturing, intelligent transportation, healthcare systems, and edge AI. Furthermore, the review outlines future directions, including chiplet-based integration, virtualized reconfigurable fabrics, neuromorphic/quantum hybrids, and sustainability-aware lifecycle design. By consolidating cross-domain insights, this survey positions FPGAs as a core enabling technology for human-centric, resilient, and sustainable Industry&#xa0;5.0 cyber-physical ecosystems.</p>

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FPGAs: architecture, design flow, and emerging applications—industrial perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Huu Q. Tran

摘要

The convergence of artificial intelligence, cyber–physical systems, and sustainable manufacturing is reshaping the industrial landscape under the principles of Industry 5.0. This evolution calls for hardware platforms that seamlessly combine real-time determinism, reconfigurability, and energy efficiency while ensuring long-term reliability in demanding environments. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become pivotal in this transition, bridging the gap between general-purpose processors and application-specific hardware. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of modern FPGA technology from an Industry 5.0 perspective. More than one hundred recent studies, industrial reports, and vendor architectures are synthesised to characterise FPGA evolution across three dimensions: architectural foundations, unified design methodologies, and emerging application domains. The survey highlights how heterogeneous SoC integration, high-level synthesis, partial reconfiguration, and AI-assisted EDA workflows collectively enable deterministic, low-power, and adaptive hardware platforms for robotics, smart manufacturing, intelligent transportation, healthcare systems, and edge AI. Furthermore, the review outlines future directions, including chiplet-based integration, virtualized reconfigurable fabrics, neuromorphic/quantum hybrids, and sustainability-aware lifecycle design. By consolidating cross-domain insights, this survey positions FPGAs as a core enabling technology for human-centric, resilient, and sustainable Industry 5.0 cyber-physical ecosystems.