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<p>In real-time applications, some communication technology requires variable attenuation for the acquired signal without compromising distortion levels. It is easier to achieve low signal distortion when performing step attenuation. However, complexity remains high when an application requires different levels of energy without degrading its strength. The paper presents the use of a PIN diode variable attenuator for applications with different frequency ranges. The relationship between DC bias variations and the power levels of the application in use is also presented. The fixed attenuation level for a varied frequency range of the mmWave application is studied. According to the study, variable attenuators are utilized in high-frequency applications, including 6G and ultra-wideband, to achieve significant improvements, such as reduced distortion in signal transmission.</p>

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A comprehensive review of SIW PIN diode attenuators for high-frequency wireless communications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Shilpa Rana,
  • Ashish Sarvaiya

摘要

In real-time applications, some communication technology requires variable attenuation for the acquired signal without compromising distortion levels. It is easier to achieve low signal distortion when performing step attenuation. However, complexity remains high when an application requires different levels of energy without degrading its strength. The paper presents the use of a PIN diode variable attenuator for applications with different frequency ranges. The relationship between DC bias variations and the power levels of the application in use is also presented. The fixed attenuation level for a varied frequency range of the mmWave application is studied. According to the study, variable attenuators are utilized in high-frequency applications, including 6G and ultra-wideband, to achieve significant improvements, such as reduced distortion in signal transmission.