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<p>Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs are central to both prevention and treatment, yet their complex mechanisms remain only partly understood. This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to advance TCM herbal research, tracing its evolution from expert systems to machine learning, deep learning, and large language models. By analyzing both the traditional approach, rooted in classical TCM principles, and the modern approach, informed by biomedical science, we identify how AI enables knowledge extraction, prescription recommendation, compound discovery, and mechanism exploration. The review highlights the unique contribution of AI in bridging empirical heritage with scientific rigor, while also outlining key challenges such as data standardization and ethical considerations. Our findings demonstrate that the integration of AI with TCM herbs not only preserves traditional knowledge but also accelerates innovation in personalized and integrative medicine.</p>

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Artificial intelligence in Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs: a survey

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Jinrun Wu,
  • Qiang He,
  • Dong Yang,
  • Yuliang Cai,
  • Jiawei Zhang,
  • Xi Lu,
  • Hua Zhu

摘要

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs are central to both prevention and treatment, yet their complex mechanisms remain only partly understood. This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to advance TCM herbal research, tracing its evolution from expert systems to machine learning, deep learning, and large language models. By analyzing both the traditional approach, rooted in classical TCM principles, and the modern approach, informed by biomedical science, we identify how AI enables knowledge extraction, prescription recommendation, compound discovery, and mechanism exploration. The review highlights the unique contribution of AI in bridging empirical heritage with scientific rigor, while also outlining key challenges such as data standardization and ethical considerations. Our findings demonstrate that the integration of AI with TCM herbs not only preserves traditional knowledge but also accelerates innovation in personalized and integrative medicine.