<p>Visible light communication (VLC) offers a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency communication due to its greater bandwidth, energy efficiency, and security advantages. This paper presents a comprehensive review of bio-inspired optimization algorithms, including swarm intelligence and genetic algorithms, that enhance the performance and robustness of VLC systems. These techniques have demonstrated significant potential in addressing challenges such as channel optimization and noise reduction. However, despite their advantages, bio-inspired algorithms also face limitations, including computational complexity and limited adaptability to dynamic real-world conditions. Additionally, the integration of bio-inspired methods with artificial intelligence (AI) may further enhance their adaptability and efficiency in VLC systems. This review highlights both the opportunities and challenges associated with bio-inspired optimization in VLC and provides insights into future directions for research and practical implementation, which will focus on developing more efficient and scalable bio-inspired approaches that can operate in highly variable environments while minimizing energy consumption.</p>