Results of a Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial of CAYA: A Nurse Case Management HIV Prevention Intervention for Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face challenges that increase their susceptibility to HIV/STIs. Nurse case management is effective in managing the complex needs of populations experiencing homelessness and reducing HIV risk. A randomized wait-list control study conducted between September 2019 to May 2023 evaluated the CAYA “Come As You Are” intervention. This nurse-led HIV prevention for YEH aged 16–25 years focused on the uptake of HIV prevention methods: pre- and post-HIV exposure prophylaxis (PrEP, nPEP), HIV/STI testing and treatment, sober sex, and condom use. Secondarily, we examined intervention impact on housing stability. Descriptive statistics were calculated by study arm. Multiple imputation (m = 10) was used for missing values and intervention effects were estimated from Bayesian multilevel models with noninformative priors. Participants (N = 450) were 21.1 years old on average, 62% Black, 11% Hispanic, 11% White, and 10% other race and reported being homeless for an average of 3 years. An intervention effect was found for PrEP use, which showed a larger increase from baseline to first follow-up (OR = 3.27; 95% Cr.I.: 1.13 to 10.14). No intervention impact was found for nPEP use, HIV and STI cases, sober sex, or condom use. Sheltering arrangements improved from baseline to the first follow-up in both groups with increase in shelter stability (OR = 3.85; 95% Cr.I.: 1.61 to 10.30) and decreased shelter transiency (OR = 0.29; 95% Cr.I.: 0.14 to 0.60). This study demonstrates that a personalized, nurse-led HIV prevention approach increased uptake of some but not all HIV prevention strategies among YEH.

NCT03910218.