<p>The problem-oriented medical record (POMR) is a core feature of modern medical record-keeping that traces its history to the work of Lawrence Weed in the mid-1960s. Many of its features, from the SOAP note to the problem list, are ubiquitous in the millions of records written by medical trainees around the world each year, whether on paper or in the latest generation of EHR and digital scribe. Yet, its history remains underexplored, risking an incomplete understanding of the problems facing EHRs and the solutions proposed to fix them. This study deepens historical analysis of the POMR by using Foucauldian critical discourse analysis to examine the POMR as a discourse of regulation. In Weed’s view, the medical record, appropriately structured, could reveal and regulate all aspects of a trainee’s clinical activities. It could be used to instill “scientific discipline” in both students and their teachers. This discourse in turn created a form of disciplinary power—the discrete and subtle multiplicity of minor processes described in Foucault’s <i>Discipline and Punish</i>—that is a key historical legacy of the POMR, continuing to shape how medical records are used and thought of today.</p>