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<p>This study compared agroforestry (AF) and monocropping (MC) systems for castor (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) in arid India, establishing an integrated overview of the relationships between rhizosphere microbial restructuring, host molecular responses, and downstream crop quality. Rhizosoil analysis revealed that AF significantly enhanced soil health: pH was lower (7.6 vs. 8.3), while organic carbon and nitrogen were 1.9-fold and 1.8-fold higher, respectively. AF soil also exhibited a 3.8-fold increase in sulfur, 1.5-fold higher boron, nearly doubled dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease activities, and 1.7-fold higher soil microbial biomass carbon. Physically, AF produced larger seeds with higher germination. Castor oil from AF featured a 2.4-fold higher phenolic content, 2% more ricinoleic acid, and lower oleic and linoleic acids, correlating with the upregulation of the <i>RcDGAT2</i> gene. These shifts were accompanied by selective, concentration-dependent inhibitory effects against <i>Bacillus mobilis</i> and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>. 16S rRNA sequencing identified 17 bacterial phyla, dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. AF rhizosoils were enriched in nutrient-cycling and plant growth-promoting (PGP) taxa (<i>Alkalimonas</i>, <i>Brachybacterium</i>, <i>Devosia</i>, <i>Dokdonella</i>, <i>Glutamicibacter</i>, <i>Limimonas</i>, <i>Paraburkholderia</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i> and <i>Thermodesulfomicrobium</i>). Isolated root endophytic and rhizospheric <i>Bacillus safensis</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> from AF exhibited functional PGP traits, enhancing <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> growth. Whole-genome sequencing of bacterial isolates identified PGP and oil-biosynthesis genes. This study fundamentally advances current knowledge by moving beyond purely descriptive system comparisons; it delivers an integrated below-ground-to-above-ground overview demonstrating a strong correlation among AF-driven microbial recruitment, host fatty acid biosynthesis gene expression, and enhanced product bioactivity for sustainable arid agriculture.</p>

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Agroforestry improves soil health, reshapes bacterial communities, and enhances Ricinus communis oil quality and bioactivity over monocropping: insights from comparative metagenomics and whole-genome sequencing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Krishna Saharan,
  • Pradeep Pagaria,
  • Taskeen Bano,
  • Nishant Chauhan,
  • Rabisankar Mandi,
  • Anas Mohd,
  • Ravi Jameriya,
  • Ramesh,
  • Praduman Yadav,
  • Pooja Yadav,
  • Naincy Rathee,
  • Narsingh Chauhan,
  • Ayan Sadhukhan

摘要

This study compared agroforestry (AF) and monocropping (MC) systems for castor (Ricinus communis L.) in arid India, establishing an integrated overview of the relationships between rhizosphere microbial restructuring, host molecular responses, and downstream crop quality. Rhizosoil analysis revealed that AF significantly enhanced soil health: pH was lower (7.6 vs. 8.3), while organic carbon and nitrogen were 1.9-fold and 1.8-fold higher, respectively. AF soil also exhibited a 3.8-fold increase in sulfur, 1.5-fold higher boron, nearly doubled dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease activities, and 1.7-fold higher soil microbial biomass carbon. Physically, AF produced larger seeds with higher germination. Castor oil from AF featured a 2.4-fold higher phenolic content, 2% more ricinoleic acid, and lower oleic and linoleic acids, correlating with the upregulation of the RcDGAT2 gene. These shifts were accompanied by selective, concentration-dependent inhibitory effects against Bacillus mobilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. 16S rRNA sequencing identified 17 bacterial phyla, dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. AF rhizosoils were enriched in nutrient-cycling and plant growth-promoting (PGP) taxa (Alkalimonas, Brachybacterium, Devosia, Dokdonella, Glutamicibacter, Limimonas, Paraburkholderia, Rhizobium and Thermodesulfomicrobium). Isolated root endophytic and rhizospheric Bacillus safensis and Enterobacter cloacae from AF exhibited functional PGP traits, enhancing Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Whole-genome sequencing of bacterial isolates identified PGP and oil-biosynthesis genes. This study fundamentally advances current knowledge by moving beyond purely descriptive system comparisons; it delivers an integrated below-ground-to-above-ground overview demonstrating a strong correlation among AF-driven microbial recruitment, host fatty acid biosynthesis gene expression, and enhanced product bioactivity for sustainable arid agriculture.