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<p>This study investigated how canopy cover influences biomass production, phytochemical accumulation, and economic performance of four medicinal plant species cultivated within a tropical agroforestry system in Vietnam. A randomized complete block design was employed with three canopy levels (40–55%, 60–75%, and 80–90%). Canopy cover significantly affected all measured variables (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), revealing a clear unimodal response pattern. Moderate canopy conditions (60–75%) resulted in the highest biomass (410 ± 30&#xa0;g plant<sup>−1</sup>) and phytochemical content (4.6 ± 0.3%), representing increases of up to 50% and 35%, respectively, compared to low canopy levels. A significant positive correlation between biomass and phytochemical accumulation (r = 0.64, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) suggests that increased growth does not necessarily compromise medicinal quality under intermediate light conditions. Economic analysis indicated that <i>Panax vietnamensis</i> and <i>Curcuma longa</i> exhibited higher benefit–cost ratios compared to other species. However, these results are based on early-stage biomass (12&#xa0;months) and should be interpreted as preliminary economic indicators rather than long-term profitability. Overall, the findings suggest that intermediate canopy cover provides favorable conditions for balancing plant growth and phytochemical accumulation within the scope of this study. Further long-term and multi-location research is required to validate these results.</p>

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Optimal canopy cover improves biomass, phytochemical accumulation, and economic returns in medicinal agroforestry systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Tao Anh Khoi

摘要

This study investigated how canopy cover influences biomass production, phytochemical accumulation, and economic performance of four medicinal plant species cultivated within a tropical agroforestry system in Vietnam. A randomized complete block design was employed with three canopy levels (40–55%, 60–75%, and 80–90%). Canopy cover significantly affected all measured variables (p < 0.001), revealing a clear unimodal response pattern. Moderate canopy conditions (60–75%) resulted in the highest biomass (410 ± 30 g plant−1) and phytochemical content (4.6 ± 0.3%), representing increases of up to 50% and 35%, respectively, compared to low canopy levels. A significant positive correlation between biomass and phytochemical accumulation (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) suggests that increased growth does not necessarily compromise medicinal quality under intermediate light conditions. Economic analysis indicated that Panax vietnamensis and Curcuma longa exhibited higher benefit–cost ratios compared to other species. However, these results are based on early-stage biomass (12 months) and should be interpreted as preliminary economic indicators rather than long-term profitability. Overall, the findings suggest that intermediate canopy cover provides favorable conditions for balancing plant growth and phytochemical accumulation within the scope of this study. Further long-term and multi-location research is required to validate these results.