<p>Agriculture is the primary livelihood in Bihar, where small and marginal landholdings and high population density demand efficient utilization of land. Agroforestry provides a sustainable pathway serving as a vital source of timber, food, medicine, bio-energy and fodder for rural populations. However, there is a dearth of information on traditional knowledge and utilization patterns of different agroforestry tree spp. in Bihar. Therefore, the present ethnobotanical study was conducted in 37 selected villages of Pusa block, Samastipur District, Bihar to document the status of agrobiodiversity and its utilization pattern by rural population. The results highlighted the presence of 75 tree species on farmlands in the study area, with maximum use for rituals (52%, 39 species) and the highest use value of <i>Mangifera indica</i> (0.859). The informant consensus factor (F_ic) was recorded maximum for fibre extraction (0.9936). and the highest Fidelity Level (44.05%) and Cultural Important Index (1.98) were observed for <i>Musa paradisiaca.</i> The agroforestry recorded to supply nearly double the fuelwood (1512.703 kg year⁻¹) than the other sources (766.014 kg year⁻¹), while fodder consumption followed the reverse trends. The findings of the study highlight the importance and utilization of agroforestry trees in different use category with limited knowledge of alternatives necessitating conservation measures for long-term utilisation. Therefore, the study recommends developing community-based outreach and awareness programmes for the promotion and conservation of indigenous spp. and their correlation with the demographic-based utility pertinent to the livelihood of rural households of North Bihar.</p>