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<p><i>Aquilaria malaccensis</i> Lam., (Family: Thymelaeaceae) is a Critically Endangered (CR) large evergreen tree species, harvested extensively for a highly valued aromatic oleo-resin known as agarwood for use in perfumery and medicine. It is maintained and managed expansively in monoculture or mixed-polyculture systems such as homegarden-based smallholder plantations of northeast India, especially Assam and neighbouring regions. The present study represents a determinative socio-economic and structural overview of smallholder agarwood farms with focus on stoichiometry of species diversity and population structure and socio-economic of agarwood under different management regimes across thirteen (13) homegarden-based plantations of Titabor. Majority (82%) of these plantations spanned on holding sizes &lt; 0.2&#xa0;ha suggesting they were predominantly smallholder farms. Management practices included using community nursery as a source of seedling to establish agarwood while inoculation practices included paint method and mechanical injury. Species diversity was studied through species richness, community parameters and diversity indices and stratification was assessed using density and height class distribution. Altogether 12 species belonging to 12 genera and 11 families and 707 mature individuals (≥ 10&#xa0;cm DBH) were recorded in 0.65&#xa0;ha. <i>A. malaccensis</i> was the most recurrent with 100% frequency and accounting for 654 individuals, followed by <i>Areca catechu</i> with 16.92% frequency and accounting for 30 individuals. Horizontal stratification showed that the least number of individuals (5) occurred in the smallest girth class (≤ 10&#xa0;cm) while highest number of individuals (279) occurred in the largest girth class (71–90&#xa0;cm). Vertical stratification showed that the least number of individuals (11) occurred in height class ≥ 20– &lt; 25&#xa0;m while highest number of individuals (307) occurred in the height class ≥ 15– &lt; 20&#xa0;m. <i>A. malaccensis</i> showed fair regeneration across all homegardens. Agarwood products brought in a net profit of USD 2725.69–3270.82 annually contributing ≈ 10.44–38.62% to the total annual income. The natural regeneration and high density of agarwood in these homegardens indicate future sustainability of the species in the region and highlights their potential as biological corridors of conservation.</p>

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Assessing stratigraphic and socio-economic attributes of Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.) in smallholder plantations of Titabor, Assam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Humayun Samir Ahmed Barbhuyan,
  • Darshana Sarmah

摘要

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., (Family: Thymelaeaceae) is a Critically Endangered (CR) large evergreen tree species, harvested extensively for a highly valued aromatic oleo-resin known as agarwood for use in perfumery and medicine. It is maintained and managed expansively in monoculture or mixed-polyculture systems such as homegarden-based smallholder plantations of northeast India, especially Assam and neighbouring regions. The present study represents a determinative socio-economic and structural overview of smallholder agarwood farms with focus on stoichiometry of species diversity and population structure and socio-economic of agarwood under different management regimes across thirteen (13) homegarden-based plantations of Titabor. Majority (82%) of these plantations spanned on holding sizes < 0.2 ha suggesting they were predominantly smallholder farms. Management practices included using community nursery as a source of seedling to establish agarwood while inoculation practices included paint method and mechanical injury. Species diversity was studied through species richness, community parameters and diversity indices and stratification was assessed using density and height class distribution. Altogether 12 species belonging to 12 genera and 11 families and 707 mature individuals (≥ 10 cm DBH) were recorded in 0.65 ha. A. malaccensis was the most recurrent with 100% frequency and accounting for 654 individuals, followed by Areca catechu with 16.92% frequency and accounting for 30 individuals. Horizontal stratification showed that the least number of individuals (5) occurred in the smallest girth class (≤ 10 cm) while highest number of individuals (279) occurred in the largest girth class (71–90 cm). Vertical stratification showed that the least number of individuals (11) occurred in height class ≥ 20– < 25 m while highest number of individuals (307) occurred in the height class ≥ 15– < 20 m. A. malaccensis showed fair regeneration across all homegardens. Agarwood products brought in a net profit of USD 2725.69–3270.82 annually contributing ≈ 10.44–38.62% to the total annual income. The natural regeneration and high density of agarwood in these homegardens indicate future sustainability of the species in the region and highlights their potential as biological corridors of conservation.