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<p>Farmland shelterbelts serve as ecological barriers in desert oasis regions, mitigating harsh environmental conditions and supporting agricultural production. However, their edge effects should not be overlooked. Current research lacks comprehensive analyses of water, nutrient, and light competition across the spatiotemporal scales of shelterbelt networks, and existing light-distribution models often rely on simplified canopy representations that fail to capture within-crown heterogeneity. We conducted a three-year field study in an agroforestry system comprising <i>Populus popular</i>’<i>s</i>, <i>Populus nigra</i>, and maize to disentangle the spatiotemporal effects of water, nutrient, and light competition on maize yield, integrating three-dimensional shelterbelt reconstruction and radiation transmission simulations using the LargE-Scale Remote Sensing Data and Image Simulation Framework (LESS) model. Maize yield decreased by 33.82% within 0.5H (severely reduced yield zone) and by 6.47% between 0.5H and 1H (reduced yield zone) on the west side, by 39.41% within 0.7H on the east side (severely reduced yield zone), and by 16.47% within 0.5H on the north side (reduced yield zone), while areas beyond these distances generally showed yield enhancement. These patterns were driven by orientation-specific resource competition, with western shelterbelts causing combined water–light stress (1H), northern shelterbelts primarily inducing water stress (0.5H), and eastern shelterbelts mainly generating light stress (0.7H). These findings provide scientific guidance for optimizing shelterbelt structures and crop management in arid-region agroforestry systems.</p>

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Spatiotemporal patterns of shelterbelt-induced edge effects: disentangling water, nutrient and light competition in arid agroforestry systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Wenfang Guo,
  • Wanying Li,
  • Xiaoxiao Jia,
  • Chengwei Luo,
  • Zhiming Xin,
  • Junran Li,
  • Huijie Xiao

摘要

Farmland shelterbelts serve as ecological barriers in desert oasis regions, mitigating harsh environmental conditions and supporting agricultural production. However, their edge effects should not be overlooked. Current research lacks comprehensive analyses of water, nutrient, and light competition across the spatiotemporal scales of shelterbelt networks, and existing light-distribution models often rely on simplified canopy representations that fail to capture within-crown heterogeneity. We conducted a three-year field study in an agroforestry system comprising Populus popular’s, Populus nigra, and maize to disentangle the spatiotemporal effects of water, nutrient, and light competition on maize yield, integrating three-dimensional shelterbelt reconstruction and radiation transmission simulations using the LargE-Scale Remote Sensing Data and Image Simulation Framework (LESS) model. Maize yield decreased by 33.82% within 0.5H (severely reduced yield zone) and by 6.47% between 0.5H and 1H (reduced yield zone) on the west side, by 39.41% within 0.7H on the east side (severely reduced yield zone), and by 16.47% within 0.5H on the north side (reduced yield zone), while areas beyond these distances generally showed yield enhancement. These patterns were driven by orientation-specific resource competition, with western shelterbelts causing combined water–light stress (1H), northern shelterbelts primarily inducing water stress (0.5H), and eastern shelterbelts mainly generating light stress (0.7H). These findings provide scientific guidance for optimizing shelterbelt structures and crop management in arid-region agroforestry systems.