<p>Agroforestry is increasingly acknowledged as a multifunctional land-use system with significant potential to address climate change, land degradation, and socio-economic challenges. India, with its diverse ecological landscapes, embraces a wide array of region-specific agroforestry models. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of various agroforestry systems across the 20 Agro-Ecological Regions (AERs) of India, focusing on their ecological suitability and adoption patterns. We conducted a systematic analysis of 320 publications on agroforestry practices in India, integrating regional studies, institutional reports, and geospatial datasets to understand the prevalence of different agroforestry systems across AERs. The efficiency of adoption was further assessed by comparing actual agroforestry coverage with land suitability using the Agroforestry Suitability Index (ASI), highlighting regions that are underutilised and have high potential. The findings indicate significant regional disparities in agroforestry practices, with the Indo-Gangetic Plains and North-Eastern plains showing high levels of adoption, while certain ecologically suitable areas in central and eastern India remain underutilised. The analysis identifies significant discrepancies between agroforestry potential and actual practices, suggesting that a complex interaction of ecological, socio-economic, and policy factors influences regional agroforestry models in India. The study summarises a clear gap between agroforestry potential and implementation, emphasising the importance of executing region-specific agroforestry initiatives in conjunction with rural development schemes and policy support. It also offers a scientific framework for enhancing agroforestry in accordance with India’s Sustainable Development Goals and land restoration measures.</p>