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<p>Bamboo represents a renewable, bio-based alternative to conventional construction materials; however, its structural utilization is constrained by high geometrical variability both within and between culms. This study investigated the influence of traditional agroforestry conditions on the geometrical imperfections in <i>Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii</i> across three canopy conditions: T1 (full shade, 70–80% tree canopy cover), T2 (partial shade, 30–50% tree canopy cover), and T3 (open environments). A total of 240 mature culms (80 per treatment) were randomly sampled from 10 plots in Sindhudurg (India) using a simple random sampling method. Following the Indian Standard (IS 15912:2018) for structural design using bamboo, measurements of outer diameter, internodal length, and wall thickness were recorded at successive 1-m intervals, and the maximum out-of-straightness <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(({b}_{\text{max}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mtext>max</mtext> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> was measured up to a height of 6&#xa0;m. The raw data were subsequently used to compute and compare twelve geometrical indices, both for the standard 6&#xa0;m and at successive 1-m intervals. Results indicated that tree canopy conditions exerted a significant influence on culm geometry. Shaded culms exhibited lower taper, higher circularity, and reduced curvature, reflecting greater uniformity and structural consistency. In contrast, open-grown culms showed higher taper, ovality and bowness, although their relatively thicker walls suggested a compensatory response to environmental stresses. The results indicate that the cultivation of <i>P. stocksii</i> under existing native shade trees does not adversely affect culm growth and produces geometrically more stable and straighter culms that better meet structural grading requirements for round bamboo applications. Considering the economic importance of bamboo as a cash crop, further research on this indigenous tree–bamboo agroecosystem may help to evaluate its potential as a sustainable agroforestry model.</p>

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Geometrical traits of bamboo Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii (Munro) T.Q.Nguyen cultivated under native shade trees: implications for sustainable agroforestry production and construction material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Milind Digambar Patil,
  • Sanjay Vasant Deshmukh

摘要

Bamboo represents a renewable, bio-based alternative to conventional construction materials; however, its structural utilization is constrained by high geometrical variability both within and between culms. This study investigated the influence of traditional agroforestry conditions on the geometrical imperfections in Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii across three canopy conditions: T1 (full shade, 70–80% tree canopy cover), T2 (partial shade, 30–50% tree canopy cover), and T3 (open environments). A total of 240 mature culms (80 per treatment) were randomly sampled from 10 plots in Sindhudurg (India) using a simple random sampling method. Following the Indian Standard (IS 15912:2018) for structural design using bamboo, measurements of outer diameter, internodal length, and wall thickness were recorded at successive 1-m intervals, and the maximum out-of-straightness \(({b}_{\text{max}})\) ( b max ) was measured up to a height of 6 m. The raw data were subsequently used to compute and compare twelve geometrical indices, both for the standard 6 m and at successive 1-m intervals. Results indicated that tree canopy conditions exerted a significant influence on culm geometry. Shaded culms exhibited lower taper, higher circularity, and reduced curvature, reflecting greater uniformity and structural consistency. In contrast, open-grown culms showed higher taper, ovality and bowness, although their relatively thicker walls suggested a compensatory response to environmental stresses. The results indicate that the cultivation of P. stocksii under existing native shade trees does not adversely affect culm growth and produces geometrically more stable and straighter culms that better meet structural grading requirements for round bamboo applications. Considering the economic importance of bamboo as a cash crop, further research on this indigenous tree–bamboo agroecosystem may help to evaluate its potential as a sustainable agroforestry model.