<p>This study examined the effect of structured agroforestry training on smallholder farmers’ adoption behavior, farm productivity, and perceived ecological outcomes in forest-adjacent communities. Data were collected from 100 respondents using structured questionnaires, field observations, and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and a log-linear regression model were employed to assess the relationships between training participation, socioeconomic factors, and agroforestry output. The regression model explained a substantial proportion of variability in agroforestry output (Adjusted R² = 0.839), indicating that training and socioeconomic variables jointly account for observed differences. Regular participation in the ‘5–4–4–1’ training model was associated with higher adoption of agroforestry practices, increased farm productivity, and improvements in soil moisture, erosion control, and biodiversity. The study highlights both adaptive learning, through practice adoption, and transformative learning, reflected in long-term shifts in land-use decision-making toward sustainable ecological management. The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, but the results underscore the value of structured, repeated training interventions for promoting both livelihood improvement and ecological sustainability. These findings have implications for scaling agroforestry education programs within extension systems to achieve integrated development and environmental goals.</p>