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<p>Understanding the interactions between ecological and social systems is central to socio-ecological resilience and sustainable land use. Integrating trees within rice agroforestry systems represents a climate-smart strategy that enhances food production, sustains ecosystem services, and buffers against climatic variability. This study assessed the composition, structure, and utilization of tree communities in two rice-based agroforestry systems in northern Benin under partially controlled (AMPE) and fully controlled (AMTE) irrigation schemes. We established 154 one-hectare plots (100 × 100&#xa0;m), including 100 plots in AMPE and 54 plots in AMTE. For all trees with DBH ≥ 10&#xa0;cm, we measured diameter at breast height, height, crown diameter, and recorded utilization practices. Shannon diversity indices did not differ significantly between irrigation systems (2.85 in AMPE vs. 2.61 in AMTE, <i>p</i> ≥ 0.05), but species richness (Chao1) was higher in AMPE (18 species ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) compared to AMTE (12 species ha⁻<sup>1</sup>). Tree density was greater in AMPE, with <i>Acacia nilotica</i> and <i>Borassus aethiopum</i> reaching 10 individuals ha⁻<sup>1</sup>, whereas AMTE was dominated by <i>Piliostigma reticulatum</i>. DBH distributions in AMPE were strongly right-skewed, indicating anthropogenic disturbances, while AMTE displayed inverted-J patterns typical of regenerating stands. Tree height and crown diameter did not differ significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.529). Utilization pressures were dominated by bark harvesting (74%), branch lopping (18%), leaf collection (6%), and fruit gathering (2%). These results highlight that partially irrigated systems (AMPE) retain higher tree diversity and structural complexity, providing important ecosystem services and buffering rural households against climate and market shocks. Strengthening management strategies that integrate tree conservation with rice cultivation is critical for sustaining agroecosystem productivity, food security, and climate resilience.</p>

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Vegetation conservation capacity of rice-based agroforestry systems in the niger valley of northern benin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Bakounouré Akpo,
  • Nawan Bienvenue Sourou kuiga,
  • Charlotte Yamontché,
  • Gwladys Azongnide,
  • Towanou Houètchégnon,
  • Christine Ouinsavi

摘要

Understanding the interactions between ecological and social systems is central to socio-ecological resilience and sustainable land use. Integrating trees within rice agroforestry systems represents a climate-smart strategy that enhances food production, sustains ecosystem services, and buffers against climatic variability. This study assessed the composition, structure, and utilization of tree communities in two rice-based agroforestry systems in northern Benin under partially controlled (AMPE) and fully controlled (AMTE) irrigation schemes. We established 154 one-hectare plots (100 × 100 m), including 100 plots in AMPE and 54 plots in AMTE. For all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm, we measured diameter at breast height, height, crown diameter, and recorded utilization practices. Shannon diversity indices did not differ significantly between irrigation systems (2.85 in AMPE vs. 2.61 in AMTE, p ≥ 0.05), but species richness (Chao1) was higher in AMPE (18 species ha⁻1) compared to AMTE (12 species ha⁻1). Tree density was greater in AMPE, with Acacia nilotica and Borassus aethiopum reaching 10 individuals ha⁻1, whereas AMTE was dominated by Piliostigma reticulatum. DBH distributions in AMPE were strongly right-skewed, indicating anthropogenic disturbances, while AMTE displayed inverted-J patterns typical of regenerating stands. Tree height and crown diameter did not differ significantly (p = 0.529). Utilization pressures were dominated by bark harvesting (74%), branch lopping (18%), leaf collection (6%), and fruit gathering (2%). These results highlight that partially irrigated systems (AMPE) retain higher tree diversity and structural complexity, providing important ecosystem services and buffering rural households against climate and market shocks. Strengthening management strategies that integrate tree conservation with rice cultivation is critical for sustaining agroecosystem productivity, food security, and climate resilience.