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<p>Patchouli (<i>Pogostemon cablin</i> Benth) is an important aromatic plant that prefers a shaded environment for growth and development.&#xa0;However, limited research exists on the ideal shade conditions for patchouli cultivation. A study conducted at the CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre in Bengaluru in 2018-19 and 2019-20 aimed to determine the ideal shade condition for patchouli cultivation. The experiment was conducted under the different natural shade conditions created by a row of tree canopies. Open, partial shade, and full shade conditions for patchouli cultivation were classified based on recorded photosynthetically active radiation. Results revealed that significant enhancements in plant height, (25%), branches per plant (5%), leaves per plant (10%), fresh biomass (19%), dry biomass (13%), and essential oil yield (16%) was recorded compared to open-field cultivation. Furthermore, Partial shade conditions also led to significant improvements in leaf anatomy, including, increased thickness (216.71 ± 7.26&#xa0;µm), oil gland density (22.71 ± 1.11&#xa0;mm<sup>−2</sup>), and trichome density (51.29 ± 3.79&#xa0;mm<sup>−2</sup>), compared to both open and full shade conditions. However, while full shade resulted in larger leaf area (57.55 ± 2.67 Sq.cm), longer petioles (2.5 ± 0.03&#xa0;cm), and internode lengths (8.5 ± 0.2&#xa0;cm), it did not translate to higher herb and oil yield compared to open and partial shade conditions. Essential oil recovery (%) and oil yield (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were maximum under partial shade (1.99 ± 0.03, 86.56 ± 1.01), followed by open conditions (1.94 ± 0.01, 74.69 ± 0.66), and lowest under full shade (1.54 ± 0.01, 36.96 ± 0.51). Patchouli alcohol levels extracted under open (48.34 ± 2.01) and partial shade conditions (46.08 ± 0.29) were comparable and higher than those recorded under full shade conditions (42.28 ± 0.11). Thus, Cultivating patchouli under partial shade conditions proved economically viable, yielding higher biomass, oil, and patchouli alcohol compared to open and full shade conditions.</p>

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Exploration of optimal shade conditions in patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth) for higher essential oil yield and quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • N. D. Yogendra,
  • K. M. Prakhyath,
  • R. Ravi Kumara,
  • P. E. Keerthi,
  • R. C. Padalia

摘要

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is an important aromatic plant that prefers a shaded environment for growth and development. However, limited research exists on the ideal shade conditions for patchouli cultivation. A study conducted at the CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre in Bengaluru in 2018-19 and 2019-20 aimed to determine the ideal shade condition for patchouli cultivation. The experiment was conducted under the different natural shade conditions created by a row of tree canopies. Open, partial shade, and full shade conditions for patchouli cultivation were classified based on recorded photosynthetically active radiation. Results revealed that significant enhancements in plant height, (25%), branches per plant (5%), leaves per plant (10%), fresh biomass (19%), dry biomass (13%), and essential oil yield (16%) was recorded compared to open-field cultivation. Furthermore, Partial shade conditions also led to significant improvements in leaf anatomy, including, increased thickness (216.71 ± 7.26 µm), oil gland density (22.71 ± 1.11 mm−2), and trichome density (51.29 ± 3.79 mm−2), compared to both open and full shade conditions. However, while full shade resulted in larger leaf area (57.55 ± 2.67 Sq.cm), longer petioles (2.5 ± 0.03 cm), and internode lengths (8.5 ± 0.2 cm), it did not translate to higher herb and oil yield compared to open and partial shade conditions. Essential oil recovery (%) and oil yield (kg ha−1) were maximum under partial shade (1.99 ± 0.03, 86.56 ± 1.01), followed by open conditions (1.94 ± 0.01, 74.69 ± 0.66), and lowest under full shade (1.54 ± 0.01, 36.96 ± 0.51). Patchouli alcohol levels extracted under open (48.34 ± 2.01) and partial shade conditions (46.08 ± 0.29) were comparable and higher than those recorded under full shade conditions (42.28 ± 0.11). Thus, Cultivating patchouli under partial shade conditions proved economically viable, yielding higher biomass, oil, and patchouli alcohol compared to open and full shade conditions.