<p>This article analyzes the preferences of smallholder coffee producers in the surroundings of the Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve (RBJBE) in the southwest of the Dominican Republic. In the Caribbean, coffee production and marketing have been threatened by pests’ expansion and agroecosystems’ vulnerability to climate change. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was applied to 160 coffee farmers in the RBJBE influence area to define their preferences for sustainable agroforestry production practices to support socio-technical transitions to sustainability by adopting Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS). The results show that the optimal combination of factors and levels for coffee farmers must balance economic resilience with environmental sustainability tailored to local geographical and demographic conditions. Preferences for diversified crops alongside coffee indicate that many farmers value reduced economic dependency on a single crop. Gender and organizational affiliation play a key role in explaining preferences. Male farmers demonstrate stronger preferences for diversification strategies, whereas female farmers prioritize stable yields. Affiliation with producer organizations increases the likelihood of adopting sustainable practices by providing access to technical training and collective bargaining opportunities. Thus, a policy mix approach is proposed to foster sustainability transitions that benefit from considering not only the structure of preference but also the mediating role of the socio-economic characteristics of coffee farmers.</p>