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<p><i>Grewia optiva</i>, a multipurpose tree species, is widely present in the farmers’ fields and constitutes a traditional agri-silvicultural system in India's northwest Himalayan (NWH) regions. The species is retained by the farmers on the farm bunds for its utility as fodder, fuel, fibre, and other purposes. The present study aims to assess the benefits of <i>Grewia-</i>based traditional agri-silvicultural systems in the Chakrata area of Dehradun in the northwest Himalayan state of Uttarakhand during the winter season. We chose pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) as a representative rabi crop for the agricultural component of the study area as it is a significant and preferred crop of the region. Two-stage random sampling was adopted to select the primary sampling units, i.e., households. Villages were selected in the first stage, and households in the second. A minimum of 10% sampling intensity was maintained at each stage, and a representative household survey was conducted using a pre-structured questionnaire in the selected villages. We calculated the benefit-to-cost ratio (B/C ratio) at a discounted rate of 7% for a period of 5&#xa0;years by incorporating all the direct and indirect input and output costs associated with this tree-crop combination. A higher B/C ratio of 2.8 in agri-silvicultural systems compared to 1.9 in monocropping suggests an advantage for agri-silvicultural systems. The benefits of retaining <i>Grewia</i> in agricultural fields for fuelwood and green fodder availability during the lean winter months support the continuation of traditional agri-silvicultural practices. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the input variables having strong influence on pea production in <i>Grewia</i>-based traditional agroforestry system.</p>

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Do traditional agri-silvicultural systems benefit farmers? A revelation by benefit–to-cost analysis of Grewia optiva on pea fields of Chakrata tehsil of Uttarakhand, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Tara Kumari,
  • Sohom Seal,
  • Raman Nautiyal,
  • Devendra Kumar

摘要

Grewia optiva, a multipurpose tree species, is widely present in the farmers’ fields and constitutes a traditional agri-silvicultural system in India's northwest Himalayan (NWH) regions. The species is retained by the farmers on the farm bunds for its utility as fodder, fuel, fibre, and other purposes. The present study aims to assess the benefits of Grewia-based traditional agri-silvicultural systems in the Chakrata area of Dehradun in the northwest Himalayan state of Uttarakhand during the winter season. We chose pea (Pisum sativum) as a representative rabi crop for the agricultural component of the study area as it is a significant and preferred crop of the region. Two-stage random sampling was adopted to select the primary sampling units, i.e., households. Villages were selected in the first stage, and households in the second. A minimum of 10% sampling intensity was maintained at each stage, and a representative household survey was conducted using a pre-structured questionnaire in the selected villages. We calculated the benefit-to-cost ratio (B/C ratio) at a discounted rate of 7% for a period of 5 years by incorporating all the direct and indirect input and output costs associated with this tree-crop combination. A higher B/C ratio of 2.8 in agri-silvicultural systems compared to 1.9 in monocropping suggests an advantage for agri-silvicultural systems. The benefits of retaining Grewia in agricultural fields for fuelwood and green fodder availability during the lean winter months support the continuation of traditional agri-silvicultural practices. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the input variables having strong influence on pea production in Grewia-based traditional agroforestry system.