The factors influencing the existence of traditional agroforestry in the Beringin Tinggi village, Merangin district, Jambi province: an application of the theory of planned behavior, self-efficacy, well-being, and support

The main objective of this research is to explore the influence of agroforestry farmers’ intentions on communities in the village of Beringin Tinggi, Jambi, Indonesia. The proposed model incorporates five core variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior: subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior, together with self-efficacy, well-being, and support. The survey design was created and validated through face and content validity, content validity index, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 190 respondents outside the sample to ensure alignment with the research and measurement model. The questionnaire was distributed to 218 participants out of 919 agroforestry farmers in the village of Beringin Tinggi and analyzed through systematic steps of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results highlight that the ‘Intention to adopt agroforestry into actual behavior’ is the most influential predictor of the intention to adopt agroforestry, as evidenced by its substantial effect size. This indicates that when individuals have a stronger intention to adopt agroforestry practices, they are significantly more likely to follow through with actual adoption behaviors. This factor surpasses other predictors, such as ‘Perceived Behavioral Control’, ‘Self-Efficacy’, and ‘Support’, which also contribute significantly to the intention to adopt agroforestry but to a lesser extent. This study demonstrates that government and non-governmental organization (NGO) support play a crucial role in enhancing farmers’ intentions to adopt agroforestry. Through training, technical assistance, and financial incentives, such support improves key factors, including self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control. Additionally, it helps to reduce barriers and fosters a supportive environment for agroforestry adoption. It is anticipated that these efforts will significantly influence farmers' decisions and encourage the implementation of agroforestry practices.