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Instability of a family of examples of harmonic maps

  • Nobumitsu Nakauchi

摘要

The radial map u(x) \(=\) = \(\frac{x}{\Vert x\Vert }\) x x is a well-known example of a harmonic map from \({\mathbb {R}}^m\,-\,\{0\}\) R m - { 0 } into the spheres \({\mathbb {S}}^{m-1}\) S m - 1 with a point singularity at x \(=\) = 0. In Nakauchi (Examples Counterexamples 3:100107, 2023), the author constructed recursively a family of harmonic maps \(u^{(n)}\) u ( n ) into \({\mathbb {S}}^{m^n-1}\) S m n - 1 with a point singularity at the origin \((n = 1,\,2,\ldots )\) ( n = 1 , 2 , ) , such that \(u^{(1)}\) u ( 1 ) is the above radial map. It is known that for m \(\ge \) 3, the radial map \(u^{(1)}\) u ( 1 ) is not only stable as a harmonic map but also a minimizer of the energy of harmonic maps. In this paper, we show that for n \(\ge \) 2, \(u^{(n)}\) u ( n ) may be unstable as a harmonic map. Indeed we prove that under the assumption n > \({\displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\,(m-1)}\) 3 - 1 2 ( m - 1 ) \((m \ge 3\) ( m 3 , \(n \ge 2)\) n 2 ) , the map \(u^{(n)}\) u ( n ) is unstable as a harmonic map. It is remarkable that they are unstable and our result gives many examples of unstable harmonic maps into the spheres with a point singularity at the origin.