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<p>The spatiotemporal distribution and variation of airborne microorganisms in densely populated university campus area are critical to the health of students and faculties. This study collected air samples via a six-stage Andersen sampler from different indoor environments within a selected university campus, and the cultured microorganisms were collected for high-throughput sequencing to identify the species and density of the microbial community. The results revealed the density of airborne microorganisms was various between 495.09 ± 258.27 and 598.18 ± 314.59&#xa0;CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in different indoor spaces. The density of polluted airborne microorganisms was significantly higher in the winter season (696.55 ± 306.36&#xa0;CFU/m<sup>3</sup>) than that in autumn (410.20 ± 138.94&#xa0;CFU/m<sup>3</sup>) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The detected microbial alpha diversity was also significantly higher in the winter season than autumn (F = 5.88, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The winter seasonal difference was characterized by the dominance of micro- particles with a diameter range from 0.65–2.1&#xa0;μm that can be deposited inside lung tissue. The composition of microorganisms contained more stress-resistant phylum Bacillota (52%) in air samples collected from winter. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) confirmed that seasonal variation was the primary driver of community structure (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.152, <i>P</i> = 0.003). These findings reveal that insufficient ventilation during the winter heating period promotes microbial accumulation and structural shifts in the indoor airborne microbiome. The higher density of contaminated microorganisms combined with a higher number of micro-particles in the air within a closed environment in winter are significant health risks for people living in a northern campus. This study provides a scientific basis for the better management of indoor air quality and health risk prevention strategies in educational settings.</p>

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Seasonal variations and spatial distribution of indoor airborne microorganisms in a university campus in Beijing: a high-throughput sequencing study of the culturable microbiome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Liu Yuheng,
  • Deng Xunuo,
  • Ma Shenglun,
  • He Junde,
  • Ma Xuezheng,
  • Chen Xiaoqin

摘要

The spatiotemporal distribution and variation of airborne microorganisms in densely populated university campus area are critical to the health of students and faculties. This study collected air samples via a six-stage Andersen sampler from different indoor environments within a selected university campus, and the cultured microorganisms were collected for high-throughput sequencing to identify the species and density of the microbial community. The results revealed the density of airborne microorganisms was various between 495.09 ± 258.27 and 598.18 ± 314.59 CFU/m3 in different indoor spaces. The density of polluted airborne microorganisms was significantly higher in the winter season (696.55 ± 306.36 CFU/m3) than that in autumn (410.20 ± 138.94 CFU/m3) (P < 0.001). The detected microbial alpha diversity was also significantly higher in the winter season than autumn (F = 5.88, P < 0.05). The winter seasonal difference was characterized by the dominance of micro- particles with a diameter range from 0.65–2.1 μm that can be deposited inside lung tissue. The composition of microorganisms contained more stress-resistant phylum Bacillota (52%) in air samples collected from winter. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) confirmed that seasonal variation was the primary driver of community structure (R2 = 0.152, P = 0.003). These findings reveal that insufficient ventilation during the winter heating period promotes microbial accumulation and structural shifts in the indoor airborne microbiome. The higher density of contaminated microorganisms combined with a higher number of micro-particles in the air within a closed environment in winter are significant health risks for people living in a northern campus. This study provides a scientific basis for the better management of indoor air quality and health risk prevention strategies in educational settings.