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<p>Climate change is accelerating ecological transformations in freshwater systems, profoundly influencing the growth, distribution, and ecological impact of invasive aquatic weeds. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> levels are expanding the range and competitiveness of species such as kariba weed, <i>Salvinia molesta</i> D.S. Mitch (Salviniaceae), and water hyacinth, <i>Pontederia crassipes</i> von Martius (Pontederiaceae), etc., often at the expense of native flora and fauna, thus reshaping aquatic ecosystems. This narrative review examines how these environmental shifts not only favour weed proliferation but also compromise the performance of biological control agents by disrupting their life cycles, reducing host plant quality, and increasing environmental stress, which may cause far-reaching implications. It also highlights the importance of integrating ecological forecasting with sustainable interventions to safeguard aquatic biodiversity under changing climate regimes. The review underscores the need for climate-adaptive management strategies and targeted bioagent deployment, particularly in underutilized regions like India.</p>

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Aquatic weed management under climate change: A review of biocontrol agent performance and adaptation strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Arnab Saha,
  • Puja Ray

摘要

Climate change is accelerating ecological transformations in freshwater systems, profoundly influencing the growth, distribution, and ecological impact of invasive aquatic weeds. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and elevated CO2 levels are expanding the range and competitiveness of species such as kariba weed, Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch (Salviniaceae), and water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes von Martius (Pontederiaceae), etc., often at the expense of native flora and fauna, thus reshaping aquatic ecosystems. This narrative review examines how these environmental shifts not only favour weed proliferation but also compromise the performance of biological control agents by disrupting their life cycles, reducing host plant quality, and increasing environmental stress, which may cause far-reaching implications. It also highlights the importance of integrating ecological forecasting with sustainable interventions to safeguard aquatic biodiversity under changing climate regimes. The review underscores the need for climate-adaptive management strategies and targeted bioagent deployment, particularly in underutilized regions like India.