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<p>Microfiber (MF) pollution has emerged as a globally pervasive contaminant across aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems,&#xa0;driven predominantly by textile emissions during laundering and across the textile manufacturing chain (from fiber processing to finishing). While the vast majority of MF sources originate in textiles, mitigation calls for integrated interventions that include fiber engineering, fabric construction, end-of-pipe capture, and legislative reform. This review synthesizes evidence from 2010 to 2024 on: (i) textile design strategies, including low-shedding constructions, surface treatments, and biodegradable blends; (ii) laundry technologies encompassing machine architecture, filtration devices, and detergent formulations; and (iii) governance practices. Moving beyond descriptive summaries, we bridge the gap between industrial engineering and aquatic ecology by defining MFs within an environmental context (&lt; 5&#xa0;mm) and critically evaluating the trade-offs between 'design-out' solutions and end-of-pipe capture. We highlight how these innovations directly protect fundamental aquatic processes, such as nutrient cycling and trophic stability. We conclude by proposing an integrated Systems Roadmap that aligns textile manufacturing, appliance design, and ecological protection, providing a holistic framework for mitigating the impact of microfibers on the global aquatic environment.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Textile and laundry innovations for microfiber pollution mitigation: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月29日

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  • Odunayo Blessing Adesina,
  • Jedidiah Solomon Onwubiko,
  • Amoah-Nuamah John,
  • Berha Ashenafi,
  • Alexander Ogwuche Adamudu

摘要

Microfiber (MF) pollution has emerged as a globally pervasive contaminant across aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems, driven predominantly by textile emissions during laundering and across the textile manufacturing chain (from fiber processing to finishing). While the vast majority of MF sources originate in textiles, mitigation calls for integrated interventions that include fiber engineering, fabric construction, end-of-pipe capture, and legislative reform. This review synthesizes evidence from 2010 to 2024 on: (i) textile design strategies, including low-shedding constructions, surface treatments, and biodegradable blends; (ii) laundry technologies encompassing machine architecture, filtration devices, and detergent formulations; and (iii) governance practices. Moving beyond descriptive summaries, we bridge the gap between industrial engineering and aquatic ecology by defining MFs within an environmental context (< 5 mm) and critically evaluating the trade-offs between 'design-out' solutions and end-of-pipe capture. We highlight how these innovations directly protect fundamental aquatic processes, such as nutrient cycling and trophic stability. We conclude by proposing an integrated Systems Roadmap that aligns textile manufacturing, appliance design, and ecological protection, providing a holistic framework for mitigating the impact of microfibers on the global aquatic environment.

Graphical abstract