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<p>Submerged macrophytes constitute an integral component of primary production in shallow lake ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintain ecosystem structure and function. Compared with extensively studied large plateau lakes, small shallow plateau lakes are more numerous and ecologically fragile, yet their submerged macrophyte communities and macrophyte–environmental factor interactions remain poorly understood. In this study, Jianhu Lake, a representative small shallow plateau lake in Yunnan Province, China, was systematically investigated through four seasonal surveys conducted at 30 sampling sites from July 2021 to May 2022 to elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of submerged macrophyte communities and their relationships with environmental factors. Four submerged macrophyte species—<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i>, <i>Hydrilla verticillata</i>, <i>Potamogeton malaianus</i>, and <i>Ottelia acuminata</i>—were recorded in Jianhu Lake and were mainly distributed in nearshore areas. Temporally, submerged macrophyte biomass and diversity were significantly higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling revealed that water depth, phosphorus concentration, and phytoplankton abundance were the key environmental drivers influencing submerged macrophyte biomass and diversity, thereby directly or indirectly shaping their spatiotemporal distribution. Overall, this study highlights water depth and phosphorus concentration as the primary drivers influencing the spatiotemporal dynamics of submerged macrophyte communities in small shallow plateau lakes, providing important scientific evidence for understanding and conserving these widespread yet vulnerable lacustrine ecosystems.</p>

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Spatiotemporal distribution and environmental drivers of submerged macrophyte communities in the small plateau shallow lakes of Yunnan, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Chengjing Li,
  • Zihao Fu,
  • Peng Wang,
  • Haiguang Zhao,
  • Junsong Wang,
  • Deping Kong,
  • Liqiang Chen

摘要

Submerged macrophytes constitute an integral component of primary production in shallow lake ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintain ecosystem structure and function. Compared with extensively studied large plateau lakes, small shallow plateau lakes are more numerous and ecologically fragile, yet their submerged macrophyte communities and macrophyte–environmental factor interactions remain poorly understood. In this study, Jianhu Lake, a representative small shallow plateau lake in Yunnan Province, China, was systematically investigated through four seasonal surveys conducted at 30 sampling sites from July 2021 to May 2022 to elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of submerged macrophyte communities and their relationships with environmental factors. Four submerged macrophyte species—Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton malaianus, and Ottelia acuminata—were recorded in Jianhu Lake and were mainly distributed in nearshore areas. Temporally, submerged macrophyte biomass and diversity were significantly higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter (p < 0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling revealed that water depth, phosphorus concentration, and phytoplankton abundance were the key environmental drivers influencing submerged macrophyte biomass and diversity, thereby directly or indirectly shaping their spatiotemporal distribution. Overall, this study highlights water depth and phosphorus concentration as the primary drivers influencing the spatiotemporal dynamics of submerged macrophyte communities in small shallow plateau lakes, providing important scientific evidence for understanding and conserving these widespread yet vulnerable lacustrine ecosystems.