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<p>The Paraguaçu River, located in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in Bahia, Brazil, features streams with distinct characteristics and highly endemic fish fauna, particularly in the Upper Paraguaçu region. This study examined variations in the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities across three stream types (Type 1—<i>cultivated areas</i>; Type 2—<i>rupestrian fields</i>; and Type 3—<i>forested areas</i>) and evaluated differences between the dry and rainy seasons. Fourteen first- and second-order streams, covering the three described types, were sampled by electrofishing during both seasons. The results revealed no significant seasonal changes in the fish community structure. The functional diversity varied among stream types, being lower in rupestrian fields and higher in forested areas. Functional diversity was also influenced by local variables, notably with gravel substrates exerting a negative effect. Functional metrics such as functional specialization and evenness were positively influenced by forested areas but negatively impacted by cultivated areas. These findings underscore the role of environmental factors in shaping stream fish functional diversity and highlight the need for tailored conservation strategies in this semiarid region.</p>

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Environmental drivers of functional diversity in semiarid stream fish: the case of the upper Paraguaçu basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Fabiane Barreto Souza,
  • Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos,
  • André Teixeira da Silva,
  • Nuno Caiola

摘要

The Paraguaçu River, located in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in Bahia, Brazil, features streams with distinct characteristics and highly endemic fish fauna, particularly in the Upper Paraguaçu region. This study examined variations in the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities across three stream types (Type 1—cultivated areas; Type 2—rupestrian fields; and Type 3—forested areas) and evaluated differences between the dry and rainy seasons. Fourteen first- and second-order streams, covering the three described types, were sampled by electrofishing during both seasons. The results revealed no significant seasonal changes in the fish community structure. The functional diversity varied among stream types, being lower in rupestrian fields and higher in forested areas. Functional diversity was also influenced by local variables, notably with gravel substrates exerting a negative effect. Functional metrics such as functional specialization and evenness were positively influenced by forested areas but negatively impacted by cultivated areas. These findings underscore the role of environmental factors in shaping stream fish functional diversity and highlight the need for tailored conservation strategies in this semiarid region.