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<p>To investigate effects of rice-fish co-culture (RF) models on sediment heavy metals, nutrients, and bacterial communities, a field experiment was conducted with four RF models (varying fish densities and rice varieties), rice monoculture (RM), traditional aquaculture pond (TAP), and lotus-fish co-culture (LFS). The results indicated that the study area had moderate heavy metal pollution risk (mainly Cd). Fish density in RF but not sedimental heavy metal contents significantly influenced sedimental heavy metals release. Low fish density significantly increased sedimental Cd release and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, while reducing As release. TAP exhibited significantly higher sedimental heavy metal contents (Cu, Zn, Cr, As), sedimental release of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) and nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia), pathogenic bacteria, and lower bacterial diversity than RF. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that sedimental iron-manganese oxide, pH, and organic matters were key factors affecting the sedimental release of heavy metals, particularly Cd and As. Mantel tests showed that sediment nitrogen, phosphorus, As, and Pb were critical factors shaping bacterial community structures. This study highlights RF can reduce heavy metal pollution risks and improve bacterial communities, making it a green and sustainable farming approach. Optimizing fish densities is crucial for its green development.</p>

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Effects of rice-fish co-culture models on sediment heavy metals, nutrient dynamics, and bacterial community structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月12日

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  • Ke Rao,
  • Lu Yang,
  • Minghao Sun,
  • Chang Wu,
  • Liang Guo,
  • Shengnan Li,
  • Dan Wu,
  • Jing Xu

摘要

To investigate effects of rice-fish co-culture (RF) models on sediment heavy metals, nutrients, and bacterial communities, a field experiment was conducted with four RF models (varying fish densities and rice varieties), rice monoculture (RM), traditional aquaculture pond (TAP), and lotus-fish co-culture (LFS). The results indicated that the study area had moderate heavy metal pollution risk (mainly Cd). Fish density in RF but not sedimental heavy metal contents significantly influenced sedimental heavy metals release. Low fish density significantly increased sedimental Cd release and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, while reducing As release. TAP exhibited significantly higher sedimental heavy metal contents (Cu, Zn, Cr, As), sedimental release of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) and nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia), pathogenic bacteria, and lower bacterial diversity than RF. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that sedimental iron-manganese oxide, pH, and organic matters were key factors affecting the sedimental release of heavy metals, particularly Cd and As. Mantel tests showed that sediment nitrogen, phosphorus, As, and Pb were critical factors shaping bacterial community structures. This study highlights RF can reduce heavy metal pollution risks and improve bacterial communities, making it a green and sustainable farming approach. Optimizing fish densities is crucial for its green development.