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<p>One of the characteristic ducks in Lake Mývatn, Iceland, has been the long-tailed duck (<i>Clangula hyemalis</i>) which was present in large numbers during the early 1900s but declined in numbers during the twentieth century. The long-tailed duck is a circumpolar sea duck, often with longitudinal migratory routes between wintering and breeding sites. In recent decades the species has been in decline throughout its range and it is now classified as vulnerable. In Iceland, the breeding population is 2000–3000 individuals, but the winter population is considerably larger (&gt; 110,000) with wintering birds coming from other areas. To identify the phylogeographic origin of the species in Iceland, for both the breeding and the wintering population, variation in the control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed and compared with samples obtained from across the species range. Two distinct lineages of the control region were found in Iceland, one of which occurred at high frequency in the Icelandic breeding population. The haplotype lineage found in high frequency in the breeding population in Iceland was absent or in low frequencies elsewhere, except in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The patterns observed in the mitochondria may reflect an overall genetic divergence of the Icelandic breeding population from the other sites studied or alternatively sexual differences in philopatry which may only affect the maternally transmitted markers.</p>

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Mitochondrial variation of long-tailed ducks, Clangula hyemalis, breeding and wintering in Iceland

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Brynhildur Magnúsdóttir,
  • Ölvir Styrmisson,
  • Shaun C. Turnbull,
  • Ib Krag Petersen,
  • Matthew Perry,
  • Diana V. Solovyeva,
  • Petr Glazov,
  • Arnþór Garðarsson,
  • Jacob Höglund,
  • Snæbjörn Pálsson

摘要

One of the characteristic ducks in Lake Mývatn, Iceland, has been the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) which was present in large numbers during the early 1900s but declined in numbers during the twentieth century. The long-tailed duck is a circumpolar sea duck, often with longitudinal migratory routes between wintering and breeding sites. In recent decades the species has been in decline throughout its range and it is now classified as vulnerable. In Iceland, the breeding population is 2000–3000 individuals, but the winter population is considerably larger (> 110,000) with wintering birds coming from other areas. To identify the phylogeographic origin of the species in Iceland, for both the breeding and the wintering population, variation in the control region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed and compared with samples obtained from across the species range. Two distinct lineages of the control region were found in Iceland, one of which occurred at high frequency in the Icelandic breeding population. The haplotype lineage found in high frequency in the breeding population in Iceland was absent or in low frequencies elsewhere, except in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The patterns observed in the mitochondria may reflect an overall genetic divergence of the Icelandic breeding population from the other sites studied or alternatively sexual differences in philopatry which may only affect the maternally transmitted markers.