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<p>Managing wastewater in industrial laundries poses a significant challenge, particularly in the removal of emerging contaminants such as phenolic compounds. The performance of a two-stage process combining ultrafiltration followed by adsorption using modified activated carbon was studied for the removal of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO<sub>3-17</sub>) from real laundry wastewater. The use of ultrafiltration as a pretreatment allowed removing solids and colloids before adsorption. Ultrafiltration led to a reduction in total suspended solids from 14.0 ± 2.1 to 3.0 ± 1.3&#xa0;mg.L<sup>−1</sup> and turbidity from 110 ± 1.4 to 1.8 ± 0.9 NTU. Additionally, NPEO<sub>3-17</sub> concentration decreased from 1095 ± 50&#xa0;µg.L<sup>−1</sup> to 534 ± 78&#xa0;µg.L<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration passed from 585 ± 14&#xa0;mg.L<sup>−1</sup> to 281 ± 9&#xa0;mg.L<sup>−1</sup> in the permeate. The ultrafiltration permeate was subsequently treated by dynamic adsorption. The adsorption process was designed and optimized considering parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), initial feed temperature, and column height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio. HRT was found to be the most important parameter contributing significantly to NPEO<sub>3-17</sub> and COD removal. Under the optimal conditions (HRT of 9.6&#xa0;min, a temperature of 20&#xa0;°C, and an H/D ratio of 6.9) using Box-Behnken Design methodology, 99% and 82% of NPEO<sub>3-17</sub> and COD were removed, respectively. The breakthrough behavior of the adsorption column was further analyzed using six classical models including Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson, Thomas, Wolborska, Yan, and Clark, to interpret the dynamic adsorption kinetics and predict column performance. The Bohart-Adams and Wolborska models described very well the adsorption process for NPEO<sub>3-17</sub>. Results demonstrated that the modified activated carbon maintained NPEO<sub>3-17</sub> levels below the reuse threshold (&lt; 200&#xa0;µg.L<sup>−1</sup>) for water reuse, even after treating nearly 100 L of ultrafiltered water, confirming the efficiency and long-term stability of the hybrid ultrafiltration–adsorption system.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Coupling ultrafiltration and adsorption with modified activated carbon for the treatment of nonylphenol ethoxylate-contaminated laundry wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月30日

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  • Mahdieh Khajvand,
  • Patrick Drogui,
  • Sushil Kumar,
  • Hamed Arab,
  • Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi,
  • Emmanuel Brien

摘要

Managing wastewater in industrial laundries poses a significant challenge, particularly in the removal of emerging contaminants such as phenolic compounds. The performance of a two-stage process combining ultrafiltration followed by adsorption using modified activated carbon was studied for the removal of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO3-17) from real laundry wastewater. The use of ultrafiltration as a pretreatment allowed removing solids and colloids before adsorption. Ultrafiltration led to a reduction in total suspended solids from 14.0 ± 2.1 to 3.0 ± 1.3 mg.L−1 and turbidity from 110 ± 1.4 to 1.8 ± 0.9 NTU. Additionally, NPEO3-17 concentration decreased from 1095 ± 50 µg.L−1 to 534 ± 78 µg.L−1, whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration passed from 585 ± 14 mg.L−1 to 281 ± 9 mg.L−1 in the permeate. The ultrafiltration permeate was subsequently treated by dynamic adsorption. The adsorption process was designed and optimized considering parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), initial feed temperature, and column height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio. HRT was found to be the most important parameter contributing significantly to NPEO3-17 and COD removal. Under the optimal conditions (HRT of 9.6 min, a temperature of 20 °C, and an H/D ratio of 6.9) using Box-Behnken Design methodology, 99% and 82% of NPEO3-17 and COD were removed, respectively. The breakthrough behavior of the adsorption column was further analyzed using six classical models including Bohart–Adams, Yoon–Nelson, Thomas, Wolborska, Yan, and Clark, to interpret the dynamic adsorption kinetics and predict column performance. The Bohart-Adams and Wolborska models described very well the adsorption process for NPEO3-17. Results demonstrated that the modified activated carbon maintained NPEO3-17 levels below the reuse threshold (< 200 µg.L−1) for water reuse, even after treating nearly 100 L of ultrafiltered water, confirming the efficiency and long-term stability of the hybrid ultrafiltration–adsorption system.

Graphical abstract