Adsorptive and oxidative denitrogenation of fuels using metal–organic frameworks: A review

Increasing demand for fossil fuels in worldwide leads to environmental issues. Fossil fuel containing nitrogen compounds is deactivating the industrial catalysts. There are several techniques for nitrogen removal such as hydrodenitrogenation, oxidative denitrogenation, and adsorptive denitrogenation, due to the restriction of the common method; Researchers have suggested metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF nanocomposite materials for adsorptive denitrogenation (ADN) and oxidative denitrogenation (ODN) of fuels in recent years. This review paper aims to investigate the adsorptive and oxidative denitrogenation of liquid fuels with MOFs-based catalysts. All catalysts including pristine MOFs, defected MOFs, active component-loaded MOFs, and MOF-derived carbonaceous materials are studied. The detailed mechanisms of different MOFs are investigated to further improvements and modifications to synthesis well catalysts for nitrogen compound removal from liquid fuels.