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<p>Low-velocity impact (LVI) easily causes invisible multi-mode damage in carbon/glass hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer laminates and significantly degrades structural safety. Traditional methods cannot realize real-time damage monitoring or quantitatively reveal the load drop mechanism. This study combines acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and finite element (FE) simulation&#xa0;to reveal the LVI damage mechanism of hybrid laminates. AE signals under 20&#xa0;J and 60&#xa0;J impacts are processed by variational mode decomposition (VMD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract damage-induced components and identify characteristic frequencies of four typical damage modes. A high-fidelity FE model coupled with LaRC05/Hashin failure criteria and cohesive zone model (CZM) was developed via VUMAT. The results indicate that the cumulative energy based on AE can quantitatively characterize the severity of multi-mode damage evolution, while the FE model can accurately reproduce the dynamic response as well as the damage evolution of carbon fiber layers and glass fiber layers. The simulation agrees well with experimental data. This work achieves cross-validation of AE and FE, clarifies the damage evolution and load drop mechanisms, and provides a reliable framework for damage monitoring and anti-impact design of hybrid composites.</p>

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Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Finite Element Modeling for Revealing Damage Mechanism of Composite Laminates Under Low-velocity Impact

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Wenqin Han,
  • Zhu Liu,
  • Kuishang Bu,
  • Liuyang Duan

摘要

Low-velocity impact (LVI) easily causes invisible multi-mode damage in carbon/glass hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer laminates and significantly degrades structural safety. Traditional methods cannot realize real-time damage monitoring or quantitatively reveal the load drop mechanism. This study combines acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and finite element (FE) simulation to reveal the LVI damage mechanism of hybrid laminates. AE signals under 20 J and 60 J impacts are processed by variational mode decomposition (VMD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract damage-induced components and identify characteristic frequencies of four typical damage modes. A high-fidelity FE model coupled with LaRC05/Hashin failure criteria and cohesive zone model (CZM) was developed via VUMAT. The results indicate that the cumulative energy based on AE can quantitatively characterize the severity of multi-mode damage evolution, while the FE model can accurately reproduce the dynamic response as well as the damage evolution of carbon fiber layers and glass fiber layers. The simulation agrees well with experimental data. This work achieves cross-validation of AE and FE, clarifies the damage evolution and load drop mechanisms, and provides a reliable framework for damage monitoring and anti-impact design of hybrid composites.