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<p>Plant fiber reinforced composites (PFRCs) face durability challenges in hygrothermal conditions, limiting their engineering applications. Here, the hygrothermal deterioration of three-dimensional (3-D) woven ramie/ polylactic acid (PLA) composites was investigated with finite element analysis, quasi-static mechanical tests, and scanning electron microscope characterization. Results indicate that the zig-zag shaped moisture diffusion paths along warp yarns effectively hinder moisture penetration. In the warp-type composites, moisture rapidly infiltrates via capillary action in fiber lumens and fiber-matrix interfaces, subsequently permeating the PLA matrix and weft yarns through contact. Additionally, the cell wall thickening was about 6&#xa0;μm in the original composites, increasing to over 7.5&#xa0;μm with aging, with a thickening degree of at least 25%, which exacerbated the interfacial exfoliation, created additional moisture pathways, and expedited PLA degradation. This work demonstrates that strategic control of fiber orientation, 3-D architecture, and interfacial properties can significantly enhance the hygrothermal durability of the PFRCs and broaden their engineering applicability.</p>

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Hygrothermal Deterioration in 3-D Woven Ramie/PLA Composites: Effects of Warp Distribution and Cell Wall Architecture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Lamei Wang,
  • Baozhong Sun,
  • Ming Cai,
  • Bohong Gu

摘要

Plant fiber reinforced composites (PFRCs) face durability challenges in hygrothermal conditions, limiting their engineering applications. Here, the hygrothermal deterioration of three-dimensional (3-D) woven ramie/ polylactic acid (PLA) composites was investigated with finite element analysis, quasi-static mechanical tests, and scanning electron microscope characterization. Results indicate that the zig-zag shaped moisture diffusion paths along warp yarns effectively hinder moisture penetration. In the warp-type composites, moisture rapidly infiltrates via capillary action in fiber lumens and fiber-matrix interfaces, subsequently permeating the PLA matrix and weft yarns through contact. Additionally, the cell wall thickening was about 6 μm in the original composites, increasing to over 7.5 μm with aging, with a thickening degree of at least 25%, which exacerbated the interfacial exfoliation, created additional moisture pathways, and expedited PLA degradation. This work demonstrates that strategic control of fiber orientation, 3-D architecture, and interfacial properties can significantly enhance the hygrothermal durability of the PFRCs and broaden their engineering applicability.