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<p>This study investigates the flexural behavior of 3D printed thermoplastic composites reinforced with short and long carbon fibers under varying environmental conditions. Three composite configurations: Nylon reinforced with random short fibers(RSC), and RSC reinforced with continuous fibers oriented at 0°(CF_0) and RSC with 90°(CF_90) were fabricated via fused deposition modeling. The samples were subjected to salt spray for 42 days followed by drying for seven days. After saline-humid exposure the flexural properties were evaluated at room temperature. Further, to understand the temperature effects on flexural performance of the composites the tests were conducted at -20&#xa0;°C, 27&#xa0;°C, 65&#xa0;°C, 75&#xa0;°C. CF_0 exhibited the highest flexural strength (281.3&#xa0;MPa) and modulus (14.94 GPa), while RSC showed significant deformation and the highest deflection recovery (93.3%). Increasing temperature and salt exposure led to notable performance degradation, particularly in long-fiber composites. Fractographic analysis revealed brittle failure at sub-zero temperatures and ductile matrix-dominated behavior at elevated temperatures. The novelty of this work lies in systematically examining the combined influence of fiber length, fiber orientation, and environmental degradation (temperature and saline-humid exposure) on the flexural behavior of 3D printed thermoplastic composites, and the insights from this study give a new path for the adaptation of 3D printed composites in real-life applications.</p>

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Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Flexural Behavior of 3D Printed Short and Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Vishista Kaushik,
  • Suresh Kurra,
  • Ramesh B. Adusumalli

摘要

This study investigates the flexural behavior of 3D printed thermoplastic composites reinforced with short and long carbon fibers under varying environmental conditions. Three composite configurations: Nylon reinforced with random short fibers(RSC), and RSC reinforced with continuous fibers oriented at 0°(CF_0) and RSC with 90°(CF_90) were fabricated via fused deposition modeling. The samples were subjected to salt spray for 42 days followed by drying for seven days. After saline-humid exposure the flexural properties were evaluated at room temperature. Further, to understand the temperature effects on flexural performance of the composites the tests were conducted at -20 °C, 27 °C, 65 °C, 75 °C. CF_0 exhibited the highest flexural strength (281.3 MPa) and modulus (14.94 GPa), while RSC showed significant deformation and the highest deflection recovery (93.3%). Increasing temperature and salt exposure led to notable performance degradation, particularly in long-fiber composites. Fractographic analysis revealed brittle failure at sub-zero temperatures and ductile matrix-dominated behavior at elevated temperatures. The novelty of this work lies in systematically examining the combined influence of fiber length, fiber orientation, and environmental degradation (temperature and saline-humid exposure) on the flexural behavior of 3D printed thermoplastic composites, and the insights from this study give a new path for the adaptation of 3D printed composites in real-life applications.