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<p>Magnesium (Mg) biodegradable implants are emerging as a new generation of implantable materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties similar to bone, and the potential to release bioactive byproducts like magnesium ions (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) and hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>). This review article investigates the synergistic effects of these two corrosion products on bone and vascular tissue regeneration<b>,</b> immune modulation, and the reduction of oxidative stress. Under controlled conditions, H<sub>2</sub> demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and activating Keap1-Nrf2. Concurrently, Mg<sup>2+</sup> activates the Wnt and TRPM7 pathways to stimulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, excessive release of these compounds can lead to detrimental effects. The article further addresses the challenges in modeling, clinical translation, and real-time monitoring. It also proposes future research directions, including reactive design<b>,</b> implantable sensors, and trials in high-risk populations. This comprehensive review provides a foundation for developing smart and personalized implants for tissue regeneration.</p>

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Synergistic Effects of Magnesium Ions and Hydrogen Gas in Biodegradable Mg Implants: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Windows, and Translational Perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mousavian,
  • Vasily Anatolievich Bautin

摘要

Magnesium (Mg) biodegradable implants are emerging as a new generation of implantable materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties similar to bone, and the potential to release bioactive byproducts like magnesium ions (Mg2+) and hydrogen gas (H2). This review article investigates the synergistic effects of these two corrosion products on bone and vascular tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and the reduction of oxidative stress. Under controlled conditions, H2 demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and activating Keap1-Nrf2. Concurrently, Mg2+ activates the Wnt and TRPM7 pathways to stimulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, excessive release of these compounds can lead to detrimental effects. The article further addresses the challenges in modeling, clinical translation, and real-time monitoring. It also proposes future research directions, including reactive design, implantable sensors, and trials in high-risk populations. This comprehensive review provides a foundation for developing smart and personalized implants for tissue regeneration.