<p>Bubbles are frequently generated in industrial pipelines and liquid oxygen filling systems due to pressure fluctuations, and those with initial internal pressure pose a greater threat to the operational safety of the system. In this study, the boundary element method is employed to investigate the dynamics of bubbles under the influence of pipe flow. The accuracy of the numerical model is validated through comparisons with theoretical predictions and experimental results. Based on this, a systematic analysis is conducted to examine the effects of initial internal pressure, flow velocity, and pipe dimensions on bubble motion and collapse behavior. The study shows that bubble motion in a pipeline is influenced by multiple factors. Higher initial pressure increases the bubble’s energy, leading to a larger maximum radius and higher wall pressure during collapse. Increased flow velocity causes asymmetric bubble collapse, making the jet more likely to impact the pipe wall and enhancing post-collapse offset effects, while also affecting the bubble oscillation period. A larger pipe radius weakens wall confinement, reduces peak jet loads, but prolongs the oscillation period and influences energy distribution. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the optimized design of marine pipeline systems.</p>