<p>The survey module, as a key scientific payload of the China Space Station Telescope, suffers from a loss in observation accuracy due to micro-vibrations. High-precision full-system dynamic testing is typically conducted in the later stages of development, preventing timely feedback and design optimization during the early design phases. This constraint not only incurs significant costs but also substantially reduces efficiency. To address this, we propose a transfer path analysis (TPA) method based on substructure synthesis to predict the focal plane response. This method enhances and optimizes substructure synthesis theory through integration with TPA. It relies solely on independent substructure testing, enabling real-time updates of focal plane responses following individual substructure design modifications. The method’s accuracy was validated both numerically and experimentally. Furthermore, this study systematically analyzes focal plane vibration at various shutter speeds. It identifies dominant excitation mechanisms and key influencing factors within the assembly. Based on these findings, validated strategies are proposed to mitigate vibration transmission pathways. Results indicate a maximum micro-vibration response of 21 µg at the focal plane when the shutter operates at working speed. This approach effectively characterizes the micro-vibration response of highly sensitive optical instruments under multi-source excitation at any development stage, providing a theoretical foundation and efficient analytical method for the development of the survey module.</p>