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<p>Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor worldwide for a&#xa0;wide range of diseases and increased mortality. Despite a&#xa0;global decline in smoking prevalence, new so-called alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS), such as e‑cigarettes, heated tobacco products and nicotine pouches have become established on the market. These products are heavily promoted by the industry and positioned as less harmful alternatives to tobacco cigarettes. Through their design and flavored liquids they specifically target adolescents, young adults and nonsmokers, while flavorings and nicotine salts promote a&#xa0;high addictive potential. E‑cigarettes facilitate smoking initiation and make smoking cessation more difficult. E‑cigarettes generate an aerosol by heating nicotine-containing liquids that contain toxic and partly carcinogenic substances such as aldehydes, metals and free radicals. Acute airway irritation, cardiopulmonary effects, measurable deterioration in lung function and even severe acute lung injury have been described. In the long term, experimental and epidemiological data show increased pulmonary cytotoxicity, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, structural lung damage and associations with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and possibly lung cancer. Particularly problematic is the frequent dual use of e‑cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes, which is associated with higher health risks than exclusive use of a&#xa0;single product. The ANDS should therefore be viewed very critically. Their spread should be consistently reduced through public health policy measures. In the treatment of patients, ANDS and their harmful potential should be considered. Users of e‑cigarettes, such as tobacco smokers, require low-threshold support and guidance for cessation.</p>

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Pulmonale Toxizität und Kanzerogenität der E-Zigarette

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Josef Hamoud,
  • Matthias Raspe

摘要

Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor worldwide for a wide range of diseases and increased mortality. Despite a global decline in smoking prevalence, new so-called alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS), such as e‑cigarettes, heated tobacco products and nicotine pouches have become established on the market. These products are heavily promoted by the industry and positioned as less harmful alternatives to tobacco cigarettes. Through their design and flavored liquids they specifically target adolescents, young adults and nonsmokers, while flavorings and nicotine salts promote a high addictive potential. E‑cigarettes facilitate smoking initiation and make smoking cessation more difficult. E‑cigarettes generate an aerosol by heating nicotine-containing liquids that contain toxic and partly carcinogenic substances such as aldehydes, metals and free radicals. Acute airway irritation, cardiopulmonary effects, measurable deterioration in lung function and even severe acute lung injury have been described. In the long term, experimental and epidemiological data show increased pulmonary cytotoxicity, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, structural lung damage and associations with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and possibly lung cancer. Particularly problematic is the frequent dual use of e‑cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes, which is associated with higher health risks than exclusive use of a single product. The ANDS should therefore be viewed very critically. Their spread should be consistently reduced through public health policy measures. In the treatment of patients, ANDS and their harmful potential should be considered. Users of e‑cigarettes, such as tobacco smokers, require low-threshold support and guidance for cessation.