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<p><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> is a&#xa0;respiratory pathogen lacking a cell wall, which causes community-acquired pneumonia and extrapulmonary manifestations. It substantially contributes to chronic respiratory tract illnesses and pneumonia, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Infections typically tend to be self-limiting and mild but can progress to severe or even life-threatening conditions. The direct infectious inflammatory and also indirect immune-mediated damage, thrombotic and vasculitic vascular occlusions also cause extrapulmonary manifestations, which can often occur without preceding pneumonia and have separate pathological mechanisms. In addition, <i>M.&#xa0;pneumoniae</i> exacerbates bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and promotes the development of bronchiectasis. <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> is transmitted through close contact and shows periodic regional outbreaks. The nonpharmacological measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic interrupted the global spread of <i>M.&#xa0;pneumoniae</i> and a&#xa0;decline in <i>M. pneumoniae</i> infections was observed and therefore the immunity in the population. After relaxation of the pandemic measures <i>M.&#xa0;pneumoniae</i> re-emerged globally in 2023 in the immunologically untrained population after a&#xa0;three-year decline with a three-fold increase in infections and hospitalizations in 2023–2024 compared with the pre-COVID-19 seasons. In 2023–2024, also unusually severe mycoplasmatic respiratory infections were observed in otherwise healthy subjects and together with the five‑fold increase in <i>M.&#xa0;pneumoniae</i>-induced mucocutaneous diseases in children and adolescents underline <i>M.&#xa0;pneumoniae</i> as an important respiratory and extrapulmonary infectious disease.</p>

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Pathophysiologische und epidemiologische Aspekte von Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-Infektionen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Sieglinde Feuerabendt,
  • Markus A. Rose

摘要

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen lacking a cell wall, which causes community-acquired pneumonia and extrapulmonary manifestations. It substantially contributes to chronic respiratory tract illnesses and pneumonia, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Infections typically tend to be self-limiting and mild but can progress to severe or even life-threatening conditions. The direct infectious inflammatory and also indirect immune-mediated damage, thrombotic and vasculitic vascular occlusions also cause extrapulmonary manifestations, which can often occur without preceding pneumonia and have separate pathological mechanisms. In addition, M. pneumoniae exacerbates bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and promotes the development of bronchiectasis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is transmitted through close contact and shows periodic regional outbreaks. The nonpharmacological measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic interrupted the global spread of M. pneumoniae and a decline in M. pneumoniae infections was observed and therefore the immunity in the population. After relaxation of the pandemic measures M. pneumoniae re-emerged globally in 2023 in the immunologically untrained population after a three-year decline with a three-fold increase in infections and hospitalizations in 2023–2024 compared with the pre-COVID-19 seasons. In 2023–2024, also unusually severe mycoplasmatic respiratory infections were observed in otherwise healthy subjects and together with the five‑fold increase in M. pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous diseases in children and adolescents underline M. pneumoniae as an important respiratory and extrapulmonary infectious disease.