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<p>Cystic lung diseases encompass various conditions that often show characteristic radiological, clinical and pathological features. Cysts are radiologically defined as sharply circumscribed radiolucent areas with thin walls, often arising from airway obstruction, wall necrosis or other systemic processes. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) with a&#xa0;slice thickness of at least 1.5 mm is the diagnostic gold standard for characterizing cysts; however, the combination of imaging analysis and clinical features is crucial for differential diagnoses, the planning of diagnostics and treatment. Cystic lung diseases include Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and cystic metastases. The LCH often presents with bizarre-shaped cysts in the upper lobes, whereas LAM is characterized by diffusely distributed, round, thin-walled cysts. The BHDS predominantly affects basal and subpleural areas of the lungs, while LIP shows basal cysts accompanied by ground-glass opacities or nodules. The PJP frequently occurs in immunosuppressed patients and is radiologically characterized by diffuse ground-glass opacities and cysts are now less commonly seen. Cystic metastases rarely occur and are associated with specific primary tumors. The combination of imaging and clinical features is essential for a precise diagnosis; however, in rare cases a&#xa0;biopsy with histological evaluation is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. An early identification of cystic lung diseases enables a targeted treatment and improves the prognosis.</p>

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Radiologische Muster bei zystischen Lungenkrankheiten

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Daria Kifjak,
  • Svitlana Pochepnia,
  • Nino Bogveradze,
  • Lucian Beer,
  • Helmut Prosch

摘要

Cystic lung diseases encompass various conditions that often show characteristic radiological, clinical and pathological features. Cysts are radiologically defined as sharply circumscribed radiolucent areas with thin walls, often arising from airway obstruction, wall necrosis or other systemic processes. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) with a slice thickness of at least 1.5 mm is the diagnostic gold standard for characterizing cysts; however, the combination of imaging analysis and clinical features is crucial for differential diagnoses, the planning of diagnostics and treatment. Cystic lung diseases include Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and cystic metastases. The LCH often presents with bizarre-shaped cysts in the upper lobes, whereas LAM is characterized by diffusely distributed, round, thin-walled cysts. The BHDS predominantly affects basal and subpleural areas of the lungs, while LIP shows basal cysts accompanied by ground-glass opacities or nodules. The PJP frequently occurs in immunosuppressed patients and is radiologically characterized by diffuse ground-glass opacities and cysts are now less commonly seen. Cystic metastases rarely occur and are associated with specific primary tumors. The combination of imaging and clinical features is essential for a precise diagnosis; however, in rare cases a biopsy with histological evaluation is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. An early identification of cystic lung diseases enables a targeted treatment and improves the prognosis.