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<p>In this study, we developed novel microwave microfluidics that enable the parallel heating of two microchannels at different temperatures within a single post-wall waveguide to accelerate the search for optimal temperature conditions in combinatorial synthesis. The proposed structure consists of two transversely arranged microchannels embedded in a post-wall waveguide whose sidewalls are formed by metal posts. This enables both single-mode microwave propagation and suppression of microwave leakage. A temperature gradient is established between the two channels by exploiting the difference in the microwave absorption between the upstream (CH-A) and downstream (CH-B) channel solvents. Water temperature measurements in each channel under a 3.0&#xa0;W microwave input demonstrate a steady-state temperature of 82.8 ± 1.6&#xa0;°C in CH-A and 72.1 ± 0.7&#xa0;°C in CH-B, confirming the formation of a 10&#xa0;°C temperature difference. Furthermore, the on-chip synthesis of 4-phenyltoluene, a pharmaceutical intermediate, was conducted via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using this heating structure, and the product yield was quantified by gas chromatography. The reaction yield depends on the microwave input power and reaction time, with CH-A consistently yielding a higher product conversion than CH-B. These results demonstrate that the proposed device enables the formation of a temperature gradient and parallel synthesis under different thermal conditions within a single waveguide. This suggests that the device is an effective heating platform for combinatorial synthesis, offering a high-density selective temperature control. Accordingly, this structure is expected to contribute to the rapid optimization of reaction conditions for pharmaceutical and material development.</p>

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Parallel microwave heating at different temperatures in multiple microchannels using a post-wall waveguide for combinatorial synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Kaito Fujitani,
  • Hiroshi Nakamura,
  • Taki Watanabe,
  • Mitsuyoshi Kishihara,
  • Yoshiaki Ukita,
  • Kazuhiro Kanda,
  • Yuichi Utsumi

摘要

In this study, we developed novel microwave microfluidics that enable the parallel heating of two microchannels at different temperatures within a single post-wall waveguide to accelerate the search for optimal temperature conditions in combinatorial synthesis. The proposed structure consists of two transversely arranged microchannels embedded in a post-wall waveguide whose sidewalls are formed by metal posts. This enables both single-mode microwave propagation and suppression of microwave leakage. A temperature gradient is established between the two channels by exploiting the difference in the microwave absorption between the upstream (CH-A) and downstream (CH-B) channel solvents. Water temperature measurements in each channel under a 3.0 W microwave input demonstrate a steady-state temperature of 82.8 ± 1.6 °C in CH-A and 72.1 ± 0.7 °C in CH-B, confirming the formation of a 10 °C temperature difference. Furthermore, the on-chip synthesis of 4-phenyltoluene, a pharmaceutical intermediate, was conducted via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using this heating structure, and the product yield was quantified by gas chromatography. The reaction yield depends on the microwave input power and reaction time, with CH-A consistently yielding a higher product conversion than CH-B. These results demonstrate that the proposed device enables the formation of a temperature gradient and parallel synthesis under different thermal conditions within a single waveguide. This suggests that the device is an effective heating platform for combinatorial synthesis, offering a high-density selective temperature control. Accordingly, this structure is expected to contribute to the rapid optimization of reaction conditions for pharmaceutical and material development.