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<p>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential for giving patients a prompt and precise dosage to increase effectiveness and reduce toxicity. The study of TDM is crucial at present due to their widespread use for both legal and illegal medical purposes. Many researchers in various studies have used nanomaterials for drug detection in general, but few have used this technique for detecting drugs. Here, a 3D-printed microfluidic device with a novel design is presented for the detection of narcotic drugs in blood plasma samples. Various diagnostic measurements, such as UV, XRD, FESEM, TEM, FT-IR, and zeta potential, were conducted to characterize the synthetic nanoparticles. The study indicated that the best elements used in the detection of narcotic drugs are silver, cobalt, and copper-nickel bimetallic particles. The device is portable and simple to use, and the method that was demonstrated good linearities (R2 &gt; 0.98). The relative standard deviation (RSD%) was less than 10% (<i>n</i> = 3), suggesting high precision, and the limit of detection (LOD) values for fentanyl citrate, tramadol hydrochloride, and pethidine hydrochloride were estimated to be0.143&#xa0;mg/L, 0.241&#xa0;mg/L, and 0.347&#xa0;mg/L, respectively, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.584&#xa0;mg/L, 0.748&#xa0;mg/L, and 0.946&#xa0;mg/L, respectively. This low-cost, point-of-care (POC) approach may improve patient and physician convenience, make treatments safer, and expand the availability of TDM in various locations.</p>

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Nanosensors-based integrated microfluidic devices for therapeutic drug monitorIng of fentanyl citrate, tramadol, and pethidine in blood plasma

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Baheya Abdulbaqi Alaziz,
  • Mundher Al-Shakban,
  • Zaidon T. Al-aqbi

摘要

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential for giving patients a prompt and precise dosage to increase effectiveness and reduce toxicity. The study of TDM is crucial at present due to their widespread use for both legal and illegal medical purposes. Many researchers in various studies have used nanomaterials for drug detection in general, but few have used this technique for detecting drugs. Here, a 3D-printed microfluidic device with a novel design is presented for the detection of narcotic drugs in blood plasma samples. Various diagnostic measurements, such as UV, XRD, FESEM, TEM, FT-IR, and zeta potential, were conducted to characterize the synthetic nanoparticles. The study indicated that the best elements used in the detection of narcotic drugs are silver, cobalt, and copper-nickel bimetallic particles. The device is portable and simple to use, and the method that was demonstrated good linearities (R2 > 0.98). The relative standard deviation (RSD%) was less than 10% (n = 3), suggesting high precision, and the limit of detection (LOD) values for fentanyl citrate, tramadol hydrochloride, and pethidine hydrochloride were estimated to be0.143 mg/L, 0.241 mg/L, and 0.347 mg/L, respectively, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.584 mg/L, 0.748 mg/L, and 0.946 mg/L, respectively. This low-cost, point-of-care (POC) approach may improve patient and physician convenience, make treatments safer, and expand the availability of TDM in various locations.