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<p>A dripping-regime segmented-flow microfluidic reactor for the continuous production of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was designed based on computational fluid dynamics calculations. A flow-focusing junction was applied. Diethyl carbonate (DEC) was used as a green material for the continuous phase. The dispersed aqueous phase consisted of HAuCl<sub>4</sub>, NaBH<sub>4</sub>, and PVA. Experimental dispersed phase droplet diameter as a function of Capillary number (Ca) corroborated with the CFD calculations. The effect of Ca (0.0013,0.0025 and 0.0050) and pH (1,3 and 11) on HAuCl<sub>4</sub> conversion and Au NPs particle size distribution (PSD) was investigated. Based on nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), average particle diameters as small as 1.73&#xa0;nm with a sharp distribution (standard deviation of 0.27&#xa0;nm) could be achieved. The apparent pseudo-first-order reduction reaction rate constant was found proportional to the average vorticity within the droplets. Particle growth was not dominated by coalescence processes. No leaching of Au<sup>3+</sup> by DEC was detected.</p>

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Gold nanoparticles green production using diethyl carbonate as continuum phase in a dripping regime microfluidic reactor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月17日

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  • Mohsen Khorsand,
  • Cavus Falamaki,
  • Leila Zargarzadeh

摘要

A dripping-regime segmented-flow microfluidic reactor for the continuous production of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was designed based on computational fluid dynamics calculations. A flow-focusing junction was applied. Diethyl carbonate (DEC) was used as a green material for the continuous phase. The dispersed aqueous phase consisted of HAuCl4, NaBH4, and PVA. Experimental dispersed phase droplet diameter as a function of Capillary number (Ca) corroborated with the CFD calculations. The effect of Ca (0.0013,0.0025 and 0.0050) and pH (1,3 and 11) on HAuCl4 conversion and Au NPs particle size distribution (PSD) was investigated. Based on nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), average particle diameters as small as 1.73 nm with a sharp distribution (standard deviation of 0.27 nm) could be achieved. The apparent pseudo-first-order reduction reaction rate constant was found proportional to the average vorticity within the droplets. Particle growth was not dominated by coalescence processes. No leaching of Au3+ by DEC was detected.