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<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural environments and wildlife is an escalating threat to global health and biodiversity conservation. Neotropical primates of the genus <i>Sapajus</i> may act as reservoirs and ecological sentinels of resistant bacteria. The absence of systematic microbiological screening in wildlife rehabilitation centers, coupled with empirical antimicrobial use, can facilitate resistance spread in vulnerable ecosystems. This study characterized phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles and biofilm-forming ability of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>Mammaliicoccus sciuri</i> isolated from <i>Sapajus libidinosus</i> undergoing rehabilitation in Northeastern Brazil. Rectal swabs were collected, and bacterial isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of resistance genes, and biofilm assays. Nineteen isolates were recovered: 63.2% <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and 36.8% <i>Mammaliicoccus</i> spp. The predominant species were <i>M. sciuri</i> (36.8%) and <i>S. simiae</i> (31.6%). Rates of resistance to penicillin (63.2%) and tetracycline (57.9%) were the most frequent. The main resistance genes detected included <i>tetM</i> (36.8%), <i>tet(38)</i> (31.6%), <i>blaZ</i> (26.3%), <i>msrA</i> (26.3%), and <i>mecA</i> (5.3%). Perfect agreement existed between <i>mecA</i> presence and cefoxitin resistance (κ = 1.00; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with moderate agreement between <i>msrA</i> and non-susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin (j= 0.56; <i>p</i> = 0.0265). Biofilm production was mostly weak (94.7%), with moderate production in one isolate. Multidrug resistance occurred in 21.1% of isolates. This pioneering Brazilian study highlights wildlife rehabilitation centers as critical hotspots for AMR surveillance and contributes to understanding the ecological health and conservation of Neotropical primates.</p>

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm in Bacteria from Rehabilitated Sapajus libidinosus

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Denny Parente de Sá Barreto Maia Leite,
  • Gustavo de Oliveira Alves Pinto,
  • Maria Eduarda Uchôa Cavalcanti Moreira da Silva,
  • Valdir Vieira da Silva,
  • Lucilene Martins Trindade Goncalves,
  • Maria Clara Feitosa de Albuquerque,
  • Rafaela Silva Santos,
  • Luana Thamires Rapôso da Silva,
  • Yuri Marinho Valença,
  • Karolina Rosa Fernandes Beraldo,
  • Maria Aparecida Juliano,
  • Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira,
  • José Givanildo da Silva,
  • Rinaldo Aparecido Mota

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural environments and wildlife is an escalating threat to global health and biodiversity conservation. Neotropical primates of the genus Sapajus may act as reservoirs and ecological sentinels of resistant bacteria. The absence of systematic microbiological screening in wildlife rehabilitation centers, coupled with empirical antimicrobial use, can facilitate resistance spread in vulnerable ecosystems. This study characterized phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles and biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolated from Sapajus libidinosus undergoing rehabilitation in Northeastern Brazil. Rectal swabs were collected, and bacterial isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of resistance genes, and biofilm assays. Nineteen isolates were recovered: 63.2% Staphylococcus spp. and 36.8% Mammaliicoccus spp. The predominant species were M. sciuri (36.8%) and S. simiae (31.6%). Rates of resistance to penicillin (63.2%) and tetracycline (57.9%) were the most frequent. The main resistance genes detected included tetM (36.8%), tet(38) (31.6%), blaZ (26.3%), msrA (26.3%), and mecA (5.3%). Perfect agreement existed between mecA presence and cefoxitin resistance (κ = 1.00; p < 0.01), with moderate agreement between msrA and non-susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin (j= 0.56; p = 0.0265). Biofilm production was mostly weak (94.7%), with moderate production in one isolate. Multidrug resistance occurred in 21.1% of isolates. This pioneering Brazilian study highlights wildlife rehabilitation centers as critical hotspots for AMR surveillance and contributes to understanding the ecological health and conservation of Neotropical primates.