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Aim <p>To investigate global, regional, and national trends in anemia amongst women aged between 15–49&#xa0;years between the years 2010 to 2023, and to compare trends in high, middle and low-income countries with a focus on South Asia and Pakistan.</p> Subject and methods <p>This review compared the estimate of the annual anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age based on World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. There were ten globally representative countries (United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, China, Japan), five South Asian countries (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan), and Pakistan as a national case study. The trends were evaluated based on the comparative interpretation backed up with graphical representation of the WHO data.</p> Results <p>High income countries were continuously reporting low anemia rates (&lt; 15%), due to the already set fortification, supplementation and diversified dietary habits. There was stagnation or small increment in the middle income countries and this shows existence of continuous nutritional and socioeconomic differences. South Asia was most burdened region as prevalence was more than 40 percent. Sri Lanka had relatively low scores because of good maternal nutrition and health system coverage. The trend in Pakistan decreased slightly in 2017 but the situation was extremely high.</p> Conclusion <p>Global progress in reducing anemia remains uneven, with South Asia experiencing greatest burden. Higher rates in various countries suggest that the nutrition, infection control, and maternal health systems are incomplete. Multi-sectoral interventions are highly needed to accelerate the change.</p>

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Global and South Asian trends in the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (2010–2023): a review of WHO data with evidence from Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Samavia Riaz,
  • Tehreem Riaz,
  • Razia Iqbal

摘要

Aim

To investigate global, regional, and national trends in anemia amongst women aged between 15–49 years between the years 2010 to 2023, and to compare trends in high, middle and low-income countries with a focus on South Asia and Pakistan.

Subject and methods

This review compared the estimate of the annual anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age based on World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. There were ten globally representative countries (United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, China, Japan), five South Asian countries (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan), and Pakistan as a national case study. The trends were evaluated based on the comparative interpretation backed up with graphical representation of the WHO data.

Results

High income countries were continuously reporting low anemia rates (< 15%), due to the already set fortification, supplementation and diversified dietary habits. There was stagnation or small increment in the middle income countries and this shows existence of continuous nutritional and socioeconomic differences. South Asia was most burdened region as prevalence was more than 40 percent. Sri Lanka had relatively low scores because of good maternal nutrition and health system coverage. The trend in Pakistan decreased slightly in 2017 but the situation was extremely high.

Conclusion

Global progress in reducing anemia remains uneven, with South Asia experiencing greatest burden. Higher rates in various countries suggest that the nutrition, infection control, and maternal health systems are incomplete. Multi-sectoral interventions are highly needed to accelerate the change.